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Interferon beta-1a
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{{short description|Cytokine in the interferon family}} {{drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 458271076 | image = 1AU1 Human Interferon-Beta01.png | width = 250 | alt = <!-- Clinical data --> | tradename = Avonex, Rebif, Plegridy, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|ppa|interferon-beta-1a}} | MedlinePlus = a604005 | licence_EU = yes | DailyMedID = Interferon_beta-1a | licence_US = <!-- FDA may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) --> | pregnancy_AU = D | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category= | routes_of_administration = [[Subcutaneous injection|Subcutaneous]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]] | ATC_prefix = L03 | ATC_suffix = AB07 <!-- Legal status --> | legal_AU = S4 | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = <ref name="Avonex FDA label" /><ref name="Rebif FDA label" /> | legal_EU = Rx-only | legal_EU_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Avonex EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/avonex | access-date=1 October 2020 | archive-date=26 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026073314/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/avonex | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Rebif EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rebif | access-date=1 October 2020 | archive-date=11 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111210214/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rebif | url-status=live }}</ref> | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = 10 hrs | duration_of_action = | excretion = <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 145258-61-3 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = 8339 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00060 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = none | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = XRO4566Q4R | KEGG_Ref = | KEGG = D04554 | ChEBI_Ref = | ChEBI = | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1201562 | NIAID_ChemDB = | PDB_ligand = | synonyms = <!-- Chemical data --> | IUPAC_name = Human interferon beta | C=908 | H=1408 | N=246 | O=252 | S=7 }} '''Interferon beta-1a''' (also '''interferon beta 1-alpha''') is a [[cytokine]] in the [[interferon]] family used to treat [[multiple sclerosis]] (MS).<ref name="pmid16207073">{{cite journal | vauthors = Murdoch D, Lyseng-Williamson KA | title = Spotlight on subcutaneous recombinant interferon-beta-1a (Rebif) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis | journal = BioDrugs | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | pages = 323β325 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16207073 | doi = 10.2165/00063030-200519050-00005 | s2cid = 3122427 }}</ref> It is produced by mammalian cells, while [[interferon beta-1b]] is produced in modified ''[[E. coli]]''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Giovannoni G, Munschauer FE, Deisenhammer F | title = Neutralising antibodies to interferon beta during the treatment of multiple sclerosis | journal = Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry | volume = 73 | issue = 5 | pages = 465β469 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12397132 | pmc = 1738139 | doi = 10.1136/jnnp.73.5.465 }}</ref> Some research indicates that interferon injections may result in an 18β38% reduction in the rate of MS relapses.<ref name="About.com">{{cite web|url = http://ms.about.com/od/treatments/a/AVONEX.htm|title = Is Avonex Right for You?|access-date = 2008-05-07| vauthors = Stachowiak J |year = 2008|archive-date = 2016-03-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175612/http://ms.about.com/od/treatments/a/AVONEX.htm|url-status = dead}}</ref> Interferon beta has not been shown to slow the advance of disability.<ref name="ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shirani A, Zhao Y, Karim ME, Evans C, Kingwell E, van der Kop ML, Oger J, Gustafson P, Petkau J, Tremlett H | display-authors = 6 | title = Association between use of interferon beta and progression of disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis | journal = JAMA | volume = 308 | issue = 3 | pages = 247β256 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22797642 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2012.7625 | doi-access = }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kappos L, Kuhle J, Multanen J, Kremenchutzky M, Verdun di Cantogno E, Cornelisse P, Lehr L, Casset-Semanaz F, Issard D, Uitdehaag BM | display-authors = 6 | title = Factors influencing long-term outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: PRISMS-15 | journal = Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry | volume = 86 | issue = 11 | pages = 1202β1207 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26374702 | pmc = 4680156 | doi = 10.1136/jnnp-2014-310024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Calabresi PA, Kieseier BC, Arnold DL, Balcer LJ, Boyko A, Pelletier J, Liu S, Zhu Y, Seddighzadeh A, Hung S, Deykin A | display-authors = 6 | title = Pegylated interferon Ξ²-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (ADVANCE): a randomised, phase 3, double-blind study | journal = The Lancet. Neurology | volume = 13 | issue = 7 | pages = 657β665 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24794721 | doi = 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70068-7 | s2cid = 45183415 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jacobs LD, Cookfair DL, Rudick RA, Herndon RM, Richert JR, Salazar AM, Fischer JS, Goodkin DE, Granger CV, Simon JH, Alam JJ, Bartoszak DM, Bourdette DN, Braiman J, Brownscheidle CM, Coats ME, Cohan SL, Dougherty DS, Kinkel RP, Mass MK, Munschauer FE, Priore RL, Pullicino PM, Scherokman BJ, Whitham RH | display-authors = 6 | title = Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG) | journal = Annals of Neurology | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 285β294 | date = March 1996 | pmid = 8602746 | doi = 10.1002/ana.410390304 | s2cid = 24663294 }}</ref> Interferons are not a cure for MS (there is no known cure); the claim is that interferons may slow the progress of the disease if started early and continued for the duration of the disease.<ref name="pmid21205679"/> {{TOC limit|3}}
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