Editing Intifada (section)

{{Short description|Arabic term for uprising or rebellion}}
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'''Intifada''' ({{langx|ar|انتفاضة|translit={{Transliteration|ar|DIN|intifāḍah}}}}) is an [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word for a [[Rebellion|rebellion or uprising]], or a [[resistance movement]]. It can also be used to refer to a civilian uprising against oppression.<ref name="Meinel">Ute Meinel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WyFneCZ5dqoC&pg=PA8 ''Die Intifada im Ölscheichtum Bahrain: Hintergründe des Aufbegehrens von 1994–1998,''] LIT Verlag Münster, 2003 p.10: 'Der Begriff der Intifada, der die Vorstellung eines legitimen Ausbebegehrens gegen Unterdrückung enthält, ist gegenwärtig ein Schlüsselbegriff in der arabischen Welt, von dem eine grosse emotionale Anziehungskraft ausgeht.' ({{Translation|'The concept of the Intifada, which contains the idea of a legitimate protest against oppression, is currently a key concept in the Arab world and has a great emotional appeal'}})</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7a5CAAAQBAJ|publisher= Routledge|title=The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions|author=Jack A. Goldstone|accessdate=3 May 2024|date=29 April 2015|isbn= 978-1-135-93765-2|quote=The word intifada means to throw off something that oppresses.}}</ref>

In the 20th century, the word intifada has been used in to describe various uprisings. In the [[Iraqi Intifada (1952)|Iraqi Intifada]] in 1952, Iraqi parties took to the streets to protest their monarchy.<ref name="II"/> Other later examples include the [[Western Sahara]]'s [[Zemla Intifada]], the [[First Sahrawi Intifada]], and the [[Second Sahrawi Intifada]].<ref name="SI"/> In the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]] context, it refers to uprising by Palestinian people against [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli occupation]] or [[Israel]], involving both violent and nonviolent methods of resistance, including the [[First Intifada]] (1987–1993) and the [[Second Intifada]] (2000–2005).<ref>{{Cite news |title=What is an intifada? |url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/01/24/what-is-an-intifada |access-date=2024-01-28 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426083641/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/01/24/what-is-an-intifada |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=2018-11-20 |title=What were the intifadas? |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=Vox |language=en |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110215245/https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intifadas: What you need to know – DW – 12/07/2017 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/intifadas-what-you-need-to-know/a-41695912 |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=DW |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418231356/https://www.dw.com/en/intifadas-what-you-need-to-know/a-41695912 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In English-language usage, the word primarily refers to Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation.<ref>{{Britannica | id=291859 | title=Intifada| author=Araj, Bader; Brym, Robert J.}}</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|Intifada|accessdate=12 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite OED|term=Intifada|id=8307098503}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Listen to What They're Chanting|first=Judith|last=Shulevitz|journal=[[The Atlantic]]|date=8 May 2024|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/books/archive/2024/05/pro-palestinian-protests-columbia-chants/678321/|quote=Etymologically, intifada denotes a shaking-off, but in contemporary Arabic, it means an uprising: For instance, a 1952 uprising in Iraq against the Hashemite monarchy is referred to in Arabic as an intifada. But in English, including in English-language dictionaries and encyclopedias, the word refers primarily to two periods of sustained Palestinian revolt, the First and Second Intifadas.|archive-date=5 June 2024|access-date=12 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605002604/https://www.theatlantic.com/books/archive/2024/05/pro-palestinian-protests-columbia-chants/678321/|url-status=live}}</ref> In Arabic-language usage, any uprising can be referred to as an intifada, including the 1916 [[Easter Rising]],<ref name="AJ1"/> the 1943 [[Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]],<ref name="WGU"/> and the 1949 [[Jeju uprising]].<ref name="BBC1"/>