Editing Iron overload (section)

{{Short description|Human disease}}
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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Iron overload
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| image           = Hemosiderosis_high_mag.jpg
| caption         = [[Micrograph]]
of liver [[biopsy]] showing iron deposits due to haemosiderosis. [[Perls' Prussian blue|Iron stain]].
| field           = [[Hematology]], [[gastroenterology]]/[[hepatology]]
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| risks           =
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}}

'''Iron overload''' is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total [[iron]] in the body, leading to organ damage.<ref name="pmid35699322">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hsu CC, Senussi NH, Fertrin KY, Kowdley KV |title=Iron overload disorders |journal=Hepatol Commun|date=June 2022 |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=1842–54 |pmid=35699322 |doi=10.1002/hep4.2012|pmc=9315134 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The primary mechanism of organ damage is [[oxidative stress]], as elevated intracellular iron levels increase [[free radical]] formation via the [[Fenton reaction]]. Iron overload is often ''primary'' (i.e [[hereditary haemochromatosis]], [[aceruloplasminemia]]) but may also be ''secondary'' to other causes (i.e. [[transfusion hemosiderosis|transfusional iron overload]]).<ref>{{cite book |first1=Robert C. |last1=Hider |first2=Xiaole |last2=Kong |chapter=Iron: Effect of Overload and Deficiency |editor=Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel and Roland K. O. Sigel |title=Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases |series=Metal Ions in Life Sciences |volume=13 |year=2013 |publisher=Springer|pages=229–94 |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_8 |pmid=24470094 |isbn=978-94-007-7499-5 }}</ref> Iron deposition most commonly occurs in the liver, pancreas, skin, heart, and joints. People with iron overload classically present with the triad of [[liver cirrhosis]], secondary [[diabetes mellitus]], and bronze skin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz |first1=Ludmiła |last2=Świątczak |first2=Michał |last3=Sikorska |first3=Katarzyna |last4=Starzyński |first4=Rafał R. |last5=Raczak |first5=Alicja |last6=Lipiński |first6=Paweł |date=2021-07-16 |title=Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Clinical Implications of Hereditary Hemochromatosis-The Cardiological Point of View |journal=Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=1279 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics11071279 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4418 |pmc=8304945 |pmid=34359361}}</ref> However, due to earlier detection nowadays, symptoms are often limited to general chronic [[malaise]], [[arthralgia]], and [[hepatomegaly]].<ref name=":1" />