Editing Islam in Pakistan (section)

{{Short description|Role and impact of Islam in Pakistan}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Infobox religious group 
| group      = Pakistani Muslims <br> {{Nastaliq|پاکستانی مسلمان}}
| population = {{Circa|'''231.69 million'''|lk=yes}} ([[2023 Pakistani Census#Religious demographics|2023 census]])<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf|title=TABLE 9 : POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS - 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcement of Results of 7th Population and Housing Census-2023 'The Digital Census' {{!}} Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/announcement-results-7th-population-and-housing-census-2023-digital-census |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><br /> (96.35% of the population) 
| image      = File:Eid prayers at the Badshahi Mosque.JPG
| caption    = Eid Prayers at the [[Badshahi Mosque]] in Lahore
| regions    = Throughout Pakistan
| languages   = [[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Pashto]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
|rels= Majority: 85-90% [[Sunni Muslims]], Minority: 10-15% [[Shia Muslims]]<ref name="PewIslam2011">[http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx "The Future of Global Muslim Population: Projections from 2010 to 2013"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723032443/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |date=2013-07-23 }} Accessed July 2013.</ref> 
}}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Islam in Pakistan<ref>[https://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identityTHE WORLD’S MUSLIMS: UNITY AND DIVERSITY; Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation]</ref>
| title = 
| label1 = [[Sunni Muslims]]
| value1 = 90
| color1 = DarkGreen
| label2 = [[Shia Muslims]]
| value2 = 10
| color2 = Green
}}

{{Islam in Pakistan}}
{{Islam by country}}

[[Islam]] is the largest and the [[state religion]] of the [[Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]. Pakistan has over 231.69 million adherents of Islam(excluding the administrative territory of [[Azad Kashmir]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://ajk.gov.pk/glance/|title =AJ&K at a Glance|website= Azad Government of the State of Jammu & Kashmir}}</ref> and [[Gilgit Baltistan]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://visitgilgitbaltistan.gov.pk/blog/100|title=Importance of Gilgit-Baltistan|website=Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Tourism, Sports, Culture, Archaeology & Museums Department}}</ref>)  making it the [[Islam by country#Countries|second-largest Muslim population]].<ref>{{cite web |year= |title=Religious Demographics of Pakistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf |access-date=2021-07-14 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=238,181,034 (July 2021 est.)}}</ref><ref name="2023census">{{cite web |date=5 August 2023 |title=Announcement of Results of 7th Population and Housing Census-2023 'The Digital Census' |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Pakistan.pdf |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (www.pbs.gov.pk)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Y P |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbqfCwAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+has+second+largest+muslim+population+in+the+world&pg=PT5 |title=Islam in India and Pakistan – A Religious History |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |year=2016 |isbn=9789385505638}}</ref> As much as 85-90% of the population follows [[Sunni Islam]].<ref name="Oxford" /> Most [[Pakistanis|Pakistani]] Sunni Muslims belong to the [[Hanafi]] school of jurisprudence, which is represented by the [[Barelvi]] and [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi]] traditions.

About 97% of Pakistanis are Muslims.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618023219/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 18, 2013 |title=Pakistan, Islam in |access-date=2010-08-29 |work=[[Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies]] |quote=Approximately 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslim. The majority (85–90)% percent are Sunnis following the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Between (10–15)% are Shias, mostly Twelvers. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> The majority are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] (85-90%)<ref name="LoC2">{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Pakistan.pdf|title=Country Profile: Pakistan|date=February 2005|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|quote=Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96.3 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 85–90 percent are Sunni and 10–15 percent Shia.|work=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] on Pakistan|access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref><ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/#people-and-society |title=Religions |quote=Muslim (official) 96.5% (Sunni 85–90%, Shia 10–15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.5% (2020 est.) |year=2021 |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=2021-07-14 |work=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref><ref name="PRC">{{cite web|url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population%286%29.aspx|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population|date=October 7, 2009|access-date=2010-08-28|work=[[Pew Research Center]]|archive-date=2010-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327201319/http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population%286%29.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="PRCPDF">{{Cite book|url=http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |date=October 2009 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Tracy |access-date=2010-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010050756/http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf |archive-date=2009-10-10 }}</ref><ref name="State">{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108505.htm|title=Pakistan – International Religious Freedom Report 2008|work=[[United States Department of State]]|date=19 September 2008|access-date=2010-08-28}}</ref> while [[Shia Islam|Shias]] make up around 10-15%.<ref name="LoC22">{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Pakistan.pdf|title=Country Profile: Pakistan|date=February 2005|work=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] on Pakistan|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|access-date=2010-09-01|quote=Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (97 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 90 percent are Sunni and 10 percent Shia.}}</ref><ref name="CIA"/><ref name="LoC3">{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Pakistan.pdf|title=Country Profile: Pakistan|date=February 2005|work=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] on Pakistan|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|access-date=2010-09-01|quote=Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96.3 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 10 percent are Sunni and 10 percent Shia.}}</ref><ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/|title=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|date=9 August 2012|website=Pew Research Center|access-date=26 December 2016|quote=On the other hand, in Pakistan, where 6% of the survey respondents identify as Shia, Sunni attitudes are more mixed: 50% say Shias are Muslims, while 41% say Shias are not Muslim.}}</ref><ref name="dawn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1515823|title=Non-Fiction: Pakistan's Shia Dynamics|date=10 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="Oxford Presss">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618023219/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 18, 2013|title=Pakistan, Islam in|access-date=2010-08-29|work=[[Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies]] |quote=Approximately 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslims. The majority are Sunnis following the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Between 10–15 percent are Shiis, mostly Twelvers.|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> The [[Hanbali school|Hanbali]] school has gained popularity recently due to [[Ahl-i Hadith]] and also [[Wahhabism|Wahabbi]] influence from the [[Middle East]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2009/aug/20/pakistan-wahhabi-islam-sufi-terrorism | title=Pakistan must confront Wahhabism &#124; Adrian Pabst | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=20 August 2009 }}</ref> Smaller minority Muslim populations in Pakistan include [[Quranists]], [[nondenominational Muslim]]s.<ref name="seyed"/> There are also two Mahdi'ist based creeds practised in Pakistan, namely [[Mahdavia]] and [[Ahmadiyya]],<ref name="samira">Sheikh, Samira. "Aurangzeb as seen from Gujarat: Shi ‘i and Millenarian Challenges to Mughal Sovereignty." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 28.3 (2018): 557–581.</ref> the latter of whom are considered by the constitution of Pakistan to be non-Muslims; they jointly constitute less than 1% of the population.<ref name="ahmadi">The 1998 Pakistani census states that there are 291,000 (0.22%) Ahmadis in Pakistan. However, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has boycotted the census since 1974 which renders official Pakistani figures to be inaccurate. Independent groups have estimated the Pakistani Ahmadiyya population to be somewhere between 2 million and 3 million Ahmadis. However, the 2 million figure is the most quoted figure and is approximately 1% of the country. See:
* over 2 million: {{cite web | author= Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada | title= Pakistan: The situation of Ahmadis, including legal status and political, education and employment rights; societal attitudes toward Ahmadis (2006 – Nov. 2008) | date= 2008-12-04 |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49913b5f2c.html | access-date= 2012-06-28}}
* 3 million: International Federation for Human Rights: ''International Fact-Finding Mission. Freedoms of Expression, of Association and of Assembly in Pakistan.'' Ausgabe 408/2, Januar 2005, S. 61 ([http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/pk408a-2.pdf PDF])
* 3–4 million: Commission on International Religious Freedom: ''Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.'' 2005, S. 130
* 4.910.000:  James Minahan: Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. Ethnic and national groups around the world. Greenwood Press. Westport 2002, page 52
* {{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0 | title=Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan | access-date=April 30, 2014 }}</ref> Pakistan has the world's largest Muslim majority city ([[Karachi]]).<ref>{{cite book|title=Cityscapes of Violence in Karachi: Publics and Counterpublics|first=Nichola|last= Khan|year= 2016| isbn= 9780190869786|publisher=Oxford University Press|quote= ... With a population of over 23 million Karachi is also the world's largest Muslim city, the world's seventh largest conurbation ... }}</ref>