Editing Islamic–Jewish relations (section)

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[[File:Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin sign Camp David Accords-1978.jpg|thumb|260x260px|The [[Camp David Accords]], ratified by [[Israel]] and [[Egypt]] in September 1978, were a vital step forward in improving ties between [[Jews]] and [[Arab Muslims]] by making a breakthrough towards a resolution of the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]. From left to right: Egyptian president [[Anwar Sadat]], American president [[Jimmy Carter]], and Israeli prime minister [[Menachem Begin]].]]
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{{Islam}}{{Judaism}} {{Islam and other religions}}

Religious ties between [[Muslims]] and the [[Jews|Jewish people]] have existed since the [[Muhammad's first revelation|founding of Islam]] in the [[Arabian Peninsula]] in the 7th century; [[Muhammad's views on Jews]] were shaped by his extensive contact with the [[Jewish tribes of Arabia]] during his lifetime. [[Islam]] shares similar values, guidelines, and principles with the [[Judaism|Jewish religion]], and also incorporates [[Jewish history]] as a part of its own.<ref name="Why?">[[Dennis Prager|Prager, D]]; [[Joseph Telushkin|Telushkin, J]]. ''Why the Jews?: The Reason for Antisemitism''. New York: [[Simon & Schuster]], 1983. pp. 110–26.</ref> Muslims regard the [[Israelites]], to whom Jews and [[Samaritans]] trace their ethnic ancestry, as an important religious concept; they are referenced around 43 times in the [[Quran]], excluding individual prophets,<ref>Yahud, Encyclopedia of Islam</ref> and in many accounts of [[hadith]]. Similarly, [[Moses]], the most important [[Prophets in Judaism|Jewish prophet]], is also regarded by Muslims as an [[prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet and messenger]] (see: [[Moses in Islam]]);<ref>{{qref|19|51|b=yl}}: "And mention in the Book ˹O Prophet, the story of˺ Moses. He was truly a chosen man, and was a messenger and a prophet."</ref> his name is mentioned in the Quran 136 times—more than any other individual—and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet.<ref name="Keeler">Annabel Keeler, "Moses from a Muslim Perspective", in: Solomon, Norman; Harries, Richard; Winter, Tim (eds.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=9A4JZ8CSJJwC&pg=PA55&vq=Moses&dq=Moses+Qur%27an&source=gbs_search_s&cad=4&sig=ACfU3U1sEssZMSZaPhSSlzCosLopQbDrOQ#PPA55,M1 ''Abraham's children: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in conversation''], by. T&T Clark Publ. (2005), pp. 55–66.</ref> The [[Torah]], which is the compilation of the first five books of the [[Hebrew Bible]], is also held by Muslims as an [[Islamic holy books|Islamic holy book]] that was revealed by [[God in Abrahamic religions|God]] (or [[Allah]]) through various Israelite prophets and messengers (see: [[Torah in Islam]]). Later [[Rabbinic authority|rabbinic authorities]] and Jewish scholars, such as [[Maimonides]], engaged in discussions concerning the relationship between Islam and [[Halakha|Jewish religious law]]. Maimonides himself, it has been argued, was influenced by [[Sharia|Islamic legal thought]] while living in the [[Caliphate|caliphates]] of his time.<ref>Sarah Stroumsa, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DhaunpbZYSYC&pg=PA66 Maimonides in His World: Portrait of a Mediterranean Thinker], Princeton University Press, 2009, pp. 65–66: 'we do know the extent of Maimonides' involvement in the wider Islamic culture. We know that, as far as science and learning are concerned, he was deeply immersed in the culture, and did his best to remain abreast of the developments that occurred in it. The reluctance to acknowledge his familiarity with Muslim law is therefore puzzling, particularly since there is no evidence for such reluctance on Maimonides' part' (p. 65)</ref>

Although the [[origins of Judaism]] go back to the time of the [[Hebrews|ancient Hebrews]], it is considered to have started becoming a distinct religion in its own right in the [[Kingdom of Judah]], where it developed as a strictly monotheistic outgrowth of [[Yahwism]]. Thus, with a difference of at least 2,000 years, Judaism and Islam share a common geographical origin in what is known today as the [[Middle East]], with the former from the [[Southern Levant]] and the latter from the [[Hejaz]]. Additionally, both religions claim [[Abraham]] as their spiritual patriarch and are thereby classified as [[Abrahamic religions]]. Islam was strongly influenced by Judaism in [[Islamic creed#Six articles of belief|its fundamental religious outlook]], structure, [[Islamic jurisprudence|jurisprudence]], and practice.<ref name="Why?"/> Because of this similarity, as well as through the influence of [[Islamic culture]] and [[Islamic philosophy|philosophy]] on the [[History of the Jews under Muslim rule|Jewish populations in the Muslim world]], there has been considerable and continued physical, theological, and political overlap between the two religions since Islam's founding. Notably, the first Islamic [[Waqf]] was donated by a Jew named [[Mukhayriq]], who was a [[rabbi]] in the city of [[Medina]].<ref name = "Muqtedar Khan">{{cite web|title=Mukhayriq 'the best of the Jews' |url = http://slashnews.co.uk/news/2009/12/04/5953/Mukhayriq-the-best-of-the-Jews| author = Muqtedar Khan| author-link = Muqtedar Khan|publisher =Slash News |date= 4 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826145350/https://slashnews.co.uk/news/2009/12/04/5953/Mukhayriq-the-best-of-the-Jews |archive-date= Aug 26, 2023 }}</ref> In 1027, the Jewish polymath [[Samuel ibn Naghrillah]] became top advisor and military general of the [[Taifa of Granada]] in the [[Al-Andalus|Muslim-controlled Iberian Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schippers |first1=Arie |title=Spanish Hebrew poetry and the Arabic literary tradition: Arabic themes in Hebrew Andalusian poetry. Vol. 7. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bl7w-9zHZf4C&dq=1027,+a+Jew,+Samuel+ibn+Naghrillah,+of+the+Taifa+of+Granada&pg=PP19 |publisher=Brill |access-date=September 27, 2024 |page=53 |date=1994|isbn=90-04-09869-0 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/samuel-ha-rsquo-nagid|title=Samuel ha'Nagid|website=Jewish Virtual Library |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240408185713/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/samuel-ha-rsquo-nagid |archive-date= Apr 8, 2024 }}</ref>

The Jewish people are among the three original "[[People of the Book]]" of Islam, which recognizes them, [[Christianity and Islam|Christians]], and [[Sabians]] as followers of the [[Islam and other religions|pre-Islamic revelations of Allah]]. Ties between the two communities have been marked by periods of cooperation, of ambivalence, and of open conflict. The [[early Muslims]] fought battles with a number of the Jewish tribes of Arabia, such as the [[Banu Qurayza]], and [[Antisemitism in the Muslim world|Jews were persecuted at times under Muslim rule]] in subsequent centuries. Most recently, the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] has resulted in heightened tensions between the [[Jews|Jewish world]] and the [[Muslim world]], including the perpetuation of [[Antisemitism in the Arab world|antisemitism]] and [[Islamophobia]].