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{{Short description|Family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors}} {{Further|topic=the instruction set architecture, not chip implementations|IA-64}} {{Infobox CPU | name=Itanium | image=Intel Itanium logo.svg | image_size = 150px | caption= | produced-start={{start date and age|2001|06}}{{Efn|Itanium was launched on 29 May,<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel officially launches 64-bit Itanium chip |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2582076/intel-officially-launches-64-bit-itanium-chip.html |website=[[Computerworld]] |date=29 May 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fordahl |first1=Matthew |title=Intel, HP Launch New Processor |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=98536&page=1 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=30 May 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bekker |first1=Scott |title=Intel Launches Itanium: OEMs Unveil Systems |url=https://rcpmag.com/articles/2001/05/29/intel-launches-itanium-oems-unveil-systems.aspx |website=RCP Mag |date=29 May 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kerridge |first1=Suzanna |title=Intel opens up about forthcoming Itanium family |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/intel-opens-up-about-forthcoming-itanium-family/ |website=[[ZDNet]] |date=18 May 2001}}</ref> but the computers containing it shipped to customers in June.}} | produced-end={{end date and age|2020|01|30}}<ref name="theend">{{cite web|url=https://qdms.intel.com/dm/i.aspx/F65EEA26-13FB-4580-972B-46B75E0AB322/PCN116733-00.pdf|title=Select Intel Itanium Processors and Intel Scalable Memory Buffer, PCN 116733-00, Product Discontinuance, End of Life|date=January 30, 2019|publisher=Intel|access-date=May 20, 2020|archive-date=May 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522180927/https://qdms.intel.com/dm/i.aspx/F65EEA26-13FB-4580-972B-46B75E0AB322/PCN116733-00.pdf|url-status=live}}<br />(January 30, 2020 was the last date for placing an order, all shipped no later than July 29, 2021).</ref> | slowest=733 | slow-unit=MHz | fastest=2.66 | fast-unit=GHz | fsb-slowest=266 | fsb-slow-unit=MT/s | fsb-fastest=667 | fsb-fast-unit=MT/s | manuf1=Intel | size-from=180 nm | size-to=32 nm | arch=[[IA-64]] | numcores=1, 2, 4 or 8 | l2cache=Up to 256 KB per core (data)<br/>Up to 1 MB per core (instructions) | l3cache=Up to 32 MB | soldby=[[Intel]] | designfirm=Intel<br/>Hewlett-Packard |model1=Itanium|model2=Itanium 2|model3=Itanium 9000 series|core1=Merced|core2=McKinley|core3=Madison 3M/6M/9M|core4=Deerfield (Madison LV)|core5=Hondo{{efn|Hondo is an HP product, not an Intel product}}|core6=Fanwood (Madison DP)|core7=Montecito|core8=Montvale|core9=Tukwila|core10=Poulson|qpi-slowest=4.8|qpi-fastest=6.4|sock1=[[PAC 418]]|sock2=[[PAC 611]]|sock3=[[LGA 1248]]|model4=Itanium 9100 series|model5=Itanium 9300 series|model6=Itanium 9500 series|model7=Itanium 9700 series|l1cache=Up to 32 KB per core (data)<br/> Up to 32 KB per core (instructions)|l4cache=32 MB (Hondo only)|application=High-end/[[Mission critical|mission critical servers]]<br/>[[High performance computing]]<br/>High-end workstations|data-width=64 bits|address-width=64 bits|virtual-width=64 bits|microarch=P7|core11=Kittison|extensions1=[[SpeedStep|EIST]], [[VT-x]], [[VT-d]], [[VT-i]]|pack1=Pin Array Cartridge (PAC)|pack2=[[Flip-chip]] [[land grid array]] (FC-LGA)|support_status=Unsupported|amountmemory=Up to 1.5 TB|memory1=Up to [[DDR3 SDRAM|DDR3]] with [[Error correction code|ECC]] support}} '''Itanium''' ({{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|t|eɪ|n|i|ə|m}}; {{respell|eye|TAY|nee-əm}}) is a discontinued family of [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] [[Intel]] [[microprocessor]]s that implement the [[Intel Itanium architecture]] (formerly called IA-64). The Itanium architecture originated at [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel. Launching in June 2001, Intel initially marketed the processors for [[enterprise server]]s and [[high-performance computing]] systems. In the concept phase, engineers said "we could run circles around PowerPC...we could kill the x86". Early predictions were that IA-64 would expand to the lower-end servers, supplanting [[Xeon]], and eventually penetrate into the [[personal computer]]s, eventually to supplant [[Reduced instruction set computer|reduced instruction set computing]] (RISC) and [[complex instruction set computing]] (CISC) architectures for all general-purpose applications. When first released in 2001 after a decade of development, Itanium's performance was disappointing compared to better-established RISC and CISC processors. Emulation to run existing x86 applications and operating systems was particularly poor. Itanium-based systems were produced by HP and its successor [[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]] (HPE) as the [[HPE Integrity Servers|Integrity Servers]] line, and by several other manufacturers. In 2008, Itanium was the fourth-most deployed microprocessor architecture for [[Enterprise information system|enterprise-class systems]], behind [[x86-64]], [[Power ISA]], and [[SPARC]].<ref name="ITJungle">{{cite web |url = http://www.itjungle.com/tlb/tlb052708-story03.html |title = The Server Biz Enjoys the X64 Upgrade Cycle in Q1 |access-date = October 29, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203839/http://www.itjungle.com/tlb/tlb052708-story03.html |archive-date = March 3, 2016 |url-status = dead |last = Morgan |first = Timothy |date = May 27, 2008 |work = IT Jungle |df = mdy-all }}</ref>{{Update inline|reason=That's 9 years old, although it's probably still true, unless it's now behind z/Architecture as well.|date=April 2017}} In February 2017, Intel released the final generation, Kittson, to test customers, and in May began shipping in volume.<ref name="Davis 2017">{{cite web |url = https://itpeernetwork.intel.com/evolution-mission-critical-computing/ |title = The Evolution of Mission Critical Computing |access-date = May 11, 2017 |last = Davis |first = Lisa M. |date = May 11, 2017 |work = Intel |quote = ...the 9700 series will be the last Intel Itanium processor. |archive-date = September 8, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180908094221/https://itpeernetwork.intel.com/evolution-mission-critical-computing/ |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="IA-PCWorld">{{cite web|title=Intel's Itanium, once destined to replace x86 processors in PCs, hits end of line|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3196080/intels-itanium-once-destined-to-replace-x86-in-pcs-hits-end-of-line.html|first=Agam|last=Shah|date=May 11, 2017|website=[[PC World]]|access-date=May 20, 2020|archive-date=March 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315153959/https://www.pcworld.com/article/3196080/intels-itanium-once-destined-to-replace-x86-in-pcs-hits-end-of-line.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was only used in mission-critical servers from HPE. In 2019, Intel announced that new orders for Itanium would be accepted until January 30, 2020, and shipments would cease by July 29, 2021.<ref name="theend" /> This took place on schedule.<ref name="EoL">{{cite news | url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/07/30/end_of_itanium_shipments/ | title=The Register just found 300-odd Itanium CPUs on eBay | first=Simon | last=Sharwood | access-date=September 12, 2021 | date=July 30, 2021 | work=[[The Register]] | archive-date=September 12, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912101014/https://www.theregister.com/2021/07/30/end_of_itanium_shipments/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Itanium never sold well outside enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems, and the architecture was ultimately supplanted by competitor AMD's [[x86-64]] (also called AMD64) architecture. x86-64 is a compatible extension to the 32-bit x86 architecture, implemented by, for example, Intel's own Xeon line and [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]]'s [[Opteron]] line. By 2009, most servers were being shipped with x86-64 processors, and they dominate the low cost desktop and laptop markets which were not initially targeted by Itanium.<ref name="Gartner 2009-q4"/> In an article titled "Intel's Itanium is finally dead: The Itanic sunken by the x86 juggernaut" Techspot declared "Itanium's promise ended up sunken by a lack of legacy 32-bit support and difficulties in working with the architecture for writing and maintaining software", while the dream of a single dominant [[Instruction set architecture|ISA]] would be realized by the AMD64 extensions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Matthew |title=Intel's Itanium is finally dead: The Itanic sunken by the x86 juggernaut |date=August 2021 |url=https://www.techspot.com/news/90622-intel-itanium-finally-dead.html |publisher= Techspot |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>
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