Editing Ja'far al-Sadiq (section)

{{Short description|Muslim scholar and Shia imam (c.702–765)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix   = [[Imam]]
| name               = Ja'far al-Sadiq
| native_name        = جَعْفَر ٱلصَّادِق
| native_name_lang   = ar
| honorific_suffix   = Sixth [[Imamate in Shia doctrine|imam]] of [[Twelver Shi'ism]] and [[Isma'ilism]]
| birth_date         = {{circa|702}} (c. 83 [[Hijri year|AH]]){{sfn|Gleave|2008}}
<!-- Please do not add supposed day and month of birth unless it can be found in a reliable scholarly source -->| birth_place        = [[Medina]], [[Hejaz]], [[Umayyad Caliphate]]
| death_date         = {{death date and age|765|701}} 148 AH{{sfn|Gleave|2008}}
<!-- Please do not add supposed day and month of death unless it can be found in a reliable scholarly source -->| death_place        = Medina, [[Abbasid Caliphate]]
| resting_place      = [[Al-Baqi]], Medina, present-day Saudi Arabia
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|24|28|1|N|39|36|50.21|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| era                = Late [[Ummayad]] – early [[Abbasid]]
| other_names        = Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī
| lineage            = [[Ahl al-Bayt]] ([[Husaynid]])
| office1            = 6th [[Imamate in Shia doctrine|Shia imam]]
| term_start1        = 732
| term_end1          = 765
| predecessor1       = [[Muhammad al-Baqir]]
| successor1         = {{plainlist|
* [[Musa al-Kazim]] ([[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelverism]])
* [[Isma'il al-Mubarak]] ([[Isma'ilism]])
* [[Abdallah al-Aftah|Abd Allah al-Aftah]] ([[Fathite|Aftahism]])
}}
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* Fāṭima bint al-Ḥusayn
* Ḥamīda Khātūn<ref name = "book123">{{cite book |title=A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles |date=2004 |publisher=[[Ansariyan Publications]] |location=Qum |isbn=964-438-127-0 |pages=123, 131}}</ref>
}}
| children           = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=||[[Musa al-Kazim|Mūsā al-Kāẓim]]|[[Isma'il ibn Ja'far|Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar]]|[[Abdullah al-Aftah|ʿAbd Allāh al-Afṭaḥ]]|Isḥāq|[[Ali al-Uraydi|ʿAlī al-ʿUrayḍī]]|ʿAbbās|[[Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq|Muḥammad al-Dībāj]]|Fāṭima al-Kubrā|Fāṭima al-Ṣughrā|Umm Farwa|Asmāʾ|[[Sayeda Aisha Mosque|ʿĀʾisha]]}}
| parents            = {{plainlist|
* [[Muhammad al-Baqir|Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Bāqir]]
* [[Umm Farwa]]
}}
| background         = #CEF2CE
| students           = [[Abu Hanifa|Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān]]<br />[[Malik ibn Anas|Mālik ibn Anas]]<br />[[Jabir ibn Hayyan|Jābir Ibn Ḥayyān]]
| religion           = 
| image              = Jafar as-Sadiq Masjid an-Nabawi Calligraphy.svg
}}

{{Twelvers}}

'''Ja'far al-Sadiq''' ({{langx|ar|جَعْفَر بْن مُحَمَّد ٱلصَّادِق|translit=Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq}}; {{circa|702}}–765) was a Muslim [[hadith]] transmitter and the last agreed-upon [[Shia]] [[Imamate in Shia doctrine|Imam]] between the [[Twelvers]] and [[Isma'ilis]].{{sfn|Hodgson|1999|p=374}} Known by the title '''al-Sadiq''' ("The Truthful"), Ja'far was the eponymous founder of the [[Ja'fari school]] of [[Islamic jurisprudence]]. In the canonical Twelver hadith collections, more traditions are cited from Ja'far than that of the other Imams combined, although their attribution to him is questionable, making it hard to determine his actual teachings.<ref name="EI3-Ja'far">{{harvnb|Buckley|2022a}}.</ref> Among the theological contributions ascribed to him are the doctrine of ''[[Nass (Islam)|{{Transliteration|ar|nass}}]]'' (divinely inspired designation of each Imam by the previous Imam) and ''[[Ismah|{{Transliteration|ar|isma}}]]'' (the infallibility of the Imams), as well as that of [[Taqiyyah|{{Transliteration|ar|taqiya}}]] (religious dissimulation under persecution).{{sfn|Gleave|2008}}

Al-Sadiq is also revered by [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]] as a reliable transmitter of [[hadith]],{{sfn|Campo|2009}}{{sfn|Gleave|2012}} and a teacher to the Sunni scholars [[Abu Hanifa]] and [[Malik ibn Anas]], the namesakes of the [[Hanafism|Hanafi]] and [[Malikism|Maliki]] [[Maddhab|schools]] of jurisprudence.{{sfn|Chambers|Nosco|2015|p=142}} Al-Sadiq also figures prominently in the [[Silsila|initiatic chains]] of many [[Sufism|Sufi]] [[Tariqa|orders]].{{sfn|Algar|2012}} A wide range of religious and scientific works were attributed to him, though no works penned by al-Sadiq remain extant.{{sfn|Gleave|2012}}{{sfn|De Smet|2012}}{{sfn|Kazemi Moussavi|2012}}

Ja'far al-Sadiq was born around 700, perhaps in 702.{{sfn|Gleave|2008}} He was about thirty-seven when his father, [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], died after designating him as the next Imam.{{sfn|Momen|1985|p=38}}{{sfn|Jafri|1979|p=181}} As the sixth Shia Imam, al-Sadiq kept aloof from the political conflicts that embroiled the region,{{sfn|Amir-Moezzi|1994|pp=64, 65}}{{sfn|Gleave|2008}} evading the requests for support that he received from rebels.{{sfn|Amir-Moezzi|1994|p=65}}{{sfn|Donaldson|1933|p=130}} He was the victim of some harassment by the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid caliphs]] and was eventually, according to Shia sources, poisoned at the instigation of the caliph [[al-Mansur]].{{sfn|Haywood|2022}}{{sfn|Tabatabai|1977|p=204}} The question of succession after al-Sadiq's death divided the early Shi'a community. Some considered the next Imam to be his eldest son, [[Isma'il al-Mubarak]], who had predeceased his father. Others accepted the Imamate of his younger son and brother of Isma'il, [[Musa al-Kazim]]. The first group became known as the [[Isma'ilism|Isma'ili]], whereas the second and larger group was named Ja'fari or the [[Twelver]]s.{{sfn|Campo|2009}}