Editing Jacques Derrida (section)

{{short description|French philosopher (1930–2004)}}
{{Redirect|Derrida}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| image = Jacques_derrida_pardonner_limpardonnable_et_limprescriptible_22.jpg
| name = Jacques Derrida
|region = [[Western philosophy]]
| era = [[20th-century philosophy]]|
| birth_name = Jackie Élie Derrida
|birth_date = {{Birth date |1930|07|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[El Biar]], [[French Algeria]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|10|09|1930|07|15|df=y}}
| death_place = Paris, France
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Marguerite Aucouturier]]|1957}}
| children = 3, including [[Pierre Alféri]]
| education =[[École Normale Supérieure]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctoral candidate|Dr. cand.]])<br />[[Harvard University]]<br />[[University of Paris]] ([[Doctorat d'État|DrE]])
| institutions = {{unbulleted list | [[University of Paris VIII]] | École Normale Supérieure | [[École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales]] | [[Collège international de philosophie]] | [[European Graduate School]] | [[University of California, Irvine]]}}
| school_tradition = {{unbulleted list | [[Continental philosophy]] | [[Post-structuralism]] (disavowed) | [[Deconstruction]] | [[Radical hermeneutics]]<ref>[[John D. Caputo]], ''Radical Hermeneutics: Repetition, Deconstruction, and the Hermeneutic Project'', {{OCLC|729013297}}, Indiana University Press, 1988, p. 5: "Derrida is the turning point for radical hermeneutics, the point where hermeneutics is pushed to the brink. Radical hermeneutics situates itself in the space which is opened up by the exchange between Heidegger and Derrida..."</ref>}}
| notable_ideas = {{hlist | [[Deconstruction]] | [[différance]] | [[phallogocentrism]] | [[free play (Derrida)|free play]] | [[arche-writing]] | [[metaphysics of presence]] | [[Invagination (philosophy)|invagination]] | [[pharmakon (philosophy)|pharmakon]] | [[trace (deconstruction)|trace]] | [[hauntology]] | ''[[sous rature]]'' | ''[[khôra]]'' | [[Citationality]]}}
| signature =
| notable_students = {{hlist|[[Jean-Luc Marion]]<ref>{{cite book
 | last = Horner
 | first = Robyn
 | title = Jean-Luc Marion: a Theo-Logical Introduction
 | publisher = Ashgate
 | date = 2005
 | location = Burlington
 | page = 3
}}</ref> | [[Francis Fukuyama]]<ref>{{cite news |title=History's pallbearer |first=Nicholas |last=Wroe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/may/11/academicexperts.artsandhumanities |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 11, 2002 |access-date=Mar 17, 2011}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Jacques Derrida''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɛr|ɪ|d|ɑː}};<ref>{{Cite Dictionary.com|Derrida}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|ʒak dɛʁida|lang}}; born '''Jackie Élie Derrida''';<ref name="Jackie">Peeters (2013), pp. 12–13.{{blockquote|Jackie was born at daybreak, on 15 July 1930, at El Biar, in the hilly suburbs of Algiers, in a holiday home. [...] The boy's main forename was probably chosen because of Jackie Coogan ... When he was circumcised, he was given a second forename, Elie, which was not entered on his birth certificate, unlike the equivalent names of his brother and sister.}} See also {{cite book|title=Jacques Derrida |last=Bennington |first=Geoffrey |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=1993 |page=325}}{{blockquote|1930 Birth of Jackie Derrida, July 15, in El-Biar (near Algiers, in a holiday house).}}</ref> 15 July 1930 – 9 October 2004) was a French Algerian philosopher. He developed the philosophy of [[deconstruction]], which he utilized in a number of his texts, and which was developed through close readings of the linguistics of [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] and [[Edmund Husserl|Husserlian]] and [[Martin Heidegger|Heideggerian]] [[phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenology]].<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Jacques Derrida |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/158661/Jacques-Derrida |access-date=19 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Derrida on Religion: Thinker of Differance By Dawne McCance |publisher=Equinox |page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Derrida, Deconstruction, and the Politics of Pedagogy (Counterpoints Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education) |publisher=Peter Lang Publishing Inc|page=134}} {{OCLC|314727596|476972726|263497930|783449163}}</ref> He is one of the major figures associated with [[post-structuralism]] and [[postmodern philosophy]]<ref name="Bensmaia05"/><ref name="Poster88"/><ref name="Leitch96">Vincent B. Leitch ''Postmodernism: Local Effects, Global Flows'', SUNY Series in Postmodern Culture (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996), p. 27.</ref> although he [[Deconstruction#Not post-structuralist|distanced himself from post-structuralism]] and disavowed the word "postmodernity".<ref>''Augustine and Postmodernism'', in response to George Heffernan of [[Merrimack College]]. Indiana University Press ISBN 0-253-34507-3 (cloth: alk. paper) — ISBN 0-253-21731-8 (pbk.: alk. paper) page 42:{{blockquote|If I missed, and I probably missed a number of things in your intervention, if I missed something essential please forgive me. First, I would protest against the word postmodernity. I never used this word. I’m not responsible for the use of this word here or anywhere else ...}}</ref>

During his career, Derrida published over 40 books, together with hundreds of essays and public presentations. He has had a significant influence on the [[humanities]] and [[social science]]s, including philosophy, literature, [[Jurisprudence|law]],<ref name="Derrida 1992pp3-67">{{cite book| last1=Derrida| first1=Jacques| translator=Mary Quaintance |editor1=Drucilla Cornell |editor2=Michael Rosenfeld |editor3=David Gray Carlson| title=Deconstruction and the Possibility of Justice| edition=1st| year=1992| publisher=Routledge| location=New York| isbn=978-0810103979 |chapter=Force of Law| pages=3–67| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2qdBeWFUmJQC}}{{blockquote|A decision that did not go through the ordeal of the undecidable would not be a free decision, it would only be the programmable application or unfolding of a calculable process (...) deconstructs from the inside every assurance of presence, and thus every criteriology that would assure us of the justice of the decision.}}</ref><ref>
[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/bridge/CriticalTheory/critical2.htm "Critical Legal Studies Movement"] in "The Bridge"
</ref><ref>[http://www.germanlawjournal.com/index.php?pageID=13&vol=6&no=1 GERMAN LAW JOURNAL, SPECIAL ISSUE: A DEDICATION TO JACQUES DERRIDA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516144840/http://www.germanlawjournal.com/index.php?pageID=13&vol=6&no=1 |date=16 May 2013}}, Vol. 6 No. 1, 1–243, 1 January 2005.</ref> [[anthropology]],<ref>"Legacies of Derrida: Anthropology", Rosalind C. Morris, ''Annual Review of Anthropology'', Volume: 36, pp. 355–389, 2007.
</ref> [[historiography]],<ref>"Deconstructing History", published 1997 (2nd. edn. Routledge, 2006).</ref> [[applied linguistics]],<ref name="Busch 2012">{{Cite journal| last1=Busch| first1=Brigitt| title=Linguistic Repertoire Revisited| journal=Applied Linguistics| volume=33| issue=5| pages=503–523| year=2012| doi=10.1093/applin/ams056}}</ref> [[sociolinguistics]],<ref>"The sociolinguistics of schooling: the relevance of Derrida's Monolingualism of the Other or the Prosthesis of Origin", Michael Evans, 01/2012; {{ISBN|978-3-0343-1009-3}}. In Edith Esch and Martin Solly (eds.), ''The Sociolinguistics of Language Education in International Contexts'', Peter Lang, pp. 31–46.</ref> [[psychoanalysis]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Earlie, Paul |title=Derrida and the Legacy of Psychoanalysis |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-19-886927-6 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780198869276.001.0001}}</ref> [[Hauntology (music)|music]], architecture, and [[political theory]].

Into the 2000s, his work retained major academic influence throughout the United States,<ref name=nyt20041010>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/10/obituaries/jacques-derrida-abstruse-theorist-dies-at-74.html|title = Jacques Derrida, Abstruse Theorist, Dies at 74|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 10 October 2004|last1 = Kandell|first1 = Jonathan}}</ref> [[continental Europe]], South America and all other countries where [[continental philosophy]] has been predominant, particularly in debates around [[ontology]], [[epistemology]] (especially concerning [[social sciences]]), ethics, [[aesthetics]], [[hermeneutics]], and the [[philosophy of language]]. For the last two decades of his life, Derrida was Professor in Humanities at the [[University of California, Irvine]]. In most of the [[Anglosphere]], where [[analytic philosophy]] is dominant, Derrida's influence is most presently felt in [[literary studies]] due to his longstanding interest in language and his association with prominent literary critics. He also influenced architecture (in the form of [[deconstructivism]]), music<ref>"Deconstruction in Music – The Jacques Derrida", Gerd Zacher Encounter, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2002.</ref> (especially in the musical atmosphere of [[Hauntology (music)|hauntology]]), art,<ref name=salcedo2004>E.g., "Doris Salcedo", Phaidon (2004), "Hans Haacke", Phaidon (2000).</ref> and [[art criticism]].<ref name=foster1996>E.g. "The return of the real", Hal Foster, October – MIT Press (1996); "Kant after Duchamp", Thierry de Duve, October – MIT Press (1996); "Neo-Avantgarde and Cultural Industry – Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975", Benjamin H.D. Buchloh, October – MIT Press (2000); "Perpetual Inventory", Rosalind E. Krauss, October – MIT Press, 2010.</ref>

Particularly in his later writings, Derrida addressed ethical and political themes in his work. Some critics consider ''[[Speech and Phenomena]]'' (1967) to be his most important work, while others cite ''[[Of Grammatology]]'' (1967), ''[[Writing and Difference]]'' (1967), and ''[[Margins of Philosophy]]'' (1972). These writings influenced various activists and political movements.<ref name="obituary"/> He became a well-known and influential public figure, while his approach to philosophy and the notorious abstruseness of his work made him controversial.<ref name="obituary"/><ref name="stanford">Lawlor, Leonard. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/derrida/ "Jacques Derrida"]. ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. plato.stanford.edu. 22 November 2006; last modified 6 October 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2017.</ref>