Editing Jacques Laffitte (section)

{{Short description|French banker (1767–1844)}}
{{For|the racing driver|Jacques Laffite}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Jacques Laffitte
| image               = Portrait de Jacques Laffitte.jpg
| caption             = 
| office              = [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Member of the Chamber of Deputies]]<br>for [[Seine-Maritime|Seine-Inférieure]]
| term_start          = 2 March 1839
| term_end            = 26 May 1844
| predecessor         = Jean-François Izarn
| successor           = [[Henry Barbet]]
| constituency        = [[Rouen]]
| term_start1         = 21 June 1834
| term_end1           = 8 February 1838
| predecessor1        = Jacques Asselin de Villequier
| successor1          = Jean-François Izarn
| constituency1       = Rouen
| office2             = [[Prime Minister of France]]
| monarch2            = [[Louis Philippe I]]
| term_start2         = 2 November 1830
| term_end2           = 13 March 1831
| predecessor2        = [[Jules de Polignac]]
| successor2          = [[Casimir Perier]]
| office3             = [[List of Presidents of the National Assembly of France|President of the Chamber of Deputies]]
| monarch3            = Louis Philippe I
| term_start3         = 21 August 1830
| term_end3           = 11 November 1830
| predecessor3        = Casimir Perier
| successor3          = Casimir Perier
| office4             = [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Member of the Chamber of Deputies]]<br>for [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Basses-Pyrénées]]
| term_start4         = 29 March 1827
| term_end4           = 21 June 1834
| predecessor4        = Jean de Nays Candau
| successor4          = [[Jean Isidore Harispe]]
| constituency4       = [[Bayonne]]
| office5             = [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Member of the Chamber of Deputies]]<br>for [[Seine (department)|Seine]]
| term_start5         = 8 February 1838
| term_end5           = 2 March 1839
| predecessor5        = Antoine Odier
| successor5          = [[Emmanuel, comte de Las Cases|Emmanuel de Las Cases]]
| constituency5       = Paris ([[6th arrondissement of Paris|6th arrondissement]])
| term_start6         = 8 May 1815
| term_end6           = 25 February 1824
| predecessor6        = Gaspard Louis Caze de La Bove
| successor6          = [[Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure]]
| constituency6       = Paris ([[2nd arrondissement of Paris|2nd arrondissement]])
| office7             = [[Governor of the Bank of France]]
| term_start7         = 6 April 1814
| term_end7           = 1820
| predecessor7        = {{Interlanguage link|François Jaubert|fr|François Jaubert}}
| successor7          = [[Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|df=y|1767|10|24}}
| birth_place         = [[Bayonne]], [[Labourd]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|df=y|1844|5|26|1767|10|24}}
| death_place         = Paris, [[July Monarchy|France]]
| resting_place       = [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]]
| party               = [[Doctrinaires]] {{small|(1815–1830)}}<br>[[Movement Party (France)|Movement Party]] {{small|(1830–1844)}}
| profession          = Businessman, banker
| signature           = Signatur Jacques Laffitte.PNG
}}

'''Jacques Laffitte''' (24 October 1767 – 26 May 1844) was a leading French banker, governor of the [[Bank of France]] (1814–1820) and liberal member of the [[Chamber of Deputies]] during the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] and [[July Monarchy]]. He was an important figure in the development of new banking techniques during the early stages of industrialization in France. In politics, he played a decisive role during the [[French Revolution of 1830|Revolution of 1830]] that brought [[Louis-Philippe]], the duc d'Orléans, to the throne, replacing the unpopular Bourbon king [[Charles X of France|Charles X]]. 

Laffitte was named president of the new Citizen King's Council of Ministers and Minister of Finances (2 November 1830 – 13 March 1831). After a brief ministry of 131 days, his "[[Movement Party (France)|Party of Movement]]" gave way before the "[[Party of Order]]" led by the banker [[Casimir Pierre Périer|Casimir-Pierre Périer]]. Laffitte left office discredited politically and financially ruined. He rebounded financially in 1836 with his creation of the ''Caisse Générale du Commerce et de l'Industrie'', a forerunner of French investment banks of the second half of the 19th century such as the ''Crédit Mobilier'' (1852). The '' Caisse Générale'' did not survive the financial crisis caused by the [[1848 French Revolution|Revolution of 1848]].<ref>There is no biography of Laffitte in English. The excellent, most recent biography in French is by Virginie Monnier, ''Jacques Laffitte. Roi des banquiers et banquier des rois'' (Bruxelles, 2013). In 2007 a colloquium on Jacques Laffitte was held at the Château de Maisons and the papers delivered were published subsequently in the ''Bulletin de la Société des amis du château de Maisons'', No.3 (2008).</ref>