Editing Jane Addams (section)

{{Short description|American activist, sociologist and writer (1860–1935)}}
{{Similar names|Jane Adams (disambiguation){{!}}Jane Adams}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| image         = Jane Addams - Bain News Service.jpg
| image caption = Addams {{circa|1926}}
| birth_name    = Laura Jane Addams
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1860|9|6}}
| birth_place   = [[Cedarville, Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date    = {{death date and age|1935|5|21|1860|09|06}}
| death_place   = [[Chicago, Illinois]], U.S.
| occupation    = {{hlist|Social worker and political activist|author and lecturer|community organizer|public intellectual}}
| awards        = [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (1931)
| father        = [[John H. Addams]]
| relatives     = {{ubl|[[Alice Haldeman]] (sister)|[[James Weber Linn]] (nephew)}}
| education     = [[Rockford Female Seminary]]
| signature     = Jane Addams signature.svg
}}
[[File:Portrait114.gif|thumb|Portrait of Jane Addams, from a [[charcoal drawing]] in 1892 by [[Alice Kellogg Tyler]]. Source: ''Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House'' (1910), p. 114]]
'''Laura Jane Addams'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jane Addams |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/biographical/ |website=The Nobel Prize |publisher=The Norwegian Nobel Institute  |access-date= September 10, 2021}}</ref> (September 6, 1860{{spaced ndash}}May 21, 1935) was an American [[Settlement movement|settlement activist]], [[Social reform|reformer]], social worker,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Chambers |first=Clarke A. |date=March 1986 |title=Women in the Creation of the Profession of Social Work |journal=[[Social Service Review]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1086/644347 |jstor=30011832 |s2cid=143895472 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Franklin |first=Donna L. |date=June 1986 |title=Mary Richmond and Jane Addams: From Moral Certainty to Rational Inquiry in Social Work Practice |journal=[[Social Service Review]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=504–525 |doi=10.1086/644396 |jstor=30012363 |s2cid=144585123 }}</ref> [[sociologist]],<ref>Deegan, M. J. (1988). ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918''. New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Transaction Books.  {{isbn|0887388302}}</ref> [[public administrator]],<ref>[[Patricia M. Shields|Shields, Patricia M.]] (2017). "Jane Addams: Pioneer in American Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration". In: P. Shields Editor, ''Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration''. pp. 43–68. {{ISBN|978-3-319-50646-3}}.</ref><ref>Stivers, C. (2009). "A Civic Machinery for Democratic Expression: Jane Addams on Public Administration". In M. Fischer, C. Nackenoff, & W. Chielewski, ''Jane Addams and the Practice of Democracy'' (pp. 87–97). Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.  {{isbn|978-0252076121}}</ref> philosopher,<ref>Shields, Patricia M., Maurice Hamington, and Joseph Soeters (eds.) (2023). ''The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams''. Oxford Academic. {{doi|10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.001.0001}}.  {{isbn|9780197544532}}</ref><ref>Ralston, Shane (2023). "Jane Addams and John Dewey", in Patricia M. Shields, Maurice Hamington, and Joseph Soeters (eds.), ''The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams''. pp. 169-186. Oxford Academic.  {{doi|10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.34}}. 
 {{isbn|9780197544532}}</ref> and author. She was a leader in the history of [[social work]] and [[women's suffrage in the United States|women's suffrage]].<ref>[[Patricia M. Shields|Shields, Patricia M.]] (2017). Jane Addams: Peace Activist and Peace Theorist In, P. Shields Editor, ''Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration'' pp. 31–42. {{ISBN|978-3-319-50646-3}}</ref> In 1889, Addams co-founded [[Hull House]], one of America's most famous [[settlement house]]s, in [[Chicago, Illinois]], providing extensive social services to poor, largely immigrant families. Philosophically a "radical [[Pragmatism|pragmatist]]", she was arguably the first woman [[public philosopher]] in the United States.<ref>Maurice Hamington, "Jane Addams" in ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (2010) portrays her as a radical pragmatist and the first woman "public philosopher" in United States history.</ref> In the [[Progressive Era]], when even presidents such as [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[Woodrow Wilson]] identified themselves as reformers and might be seen as social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers.<ref>John M. Murrin, Paul E. Johnson, and James M. McPherson, ''Liberty, Equality, Power'' (2008) p. 538; Eyal J. Naveh, ''Crown of Thorns'' (1992) p. 122</ref>

An advocate for [[world peace]], and recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States, in 1931 Addams became the first American woman to be awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Stuart|first=Paul H.|title=Encyclopedia of Social Work|chapter=Social Work Profession: History|publisher=Oxford University Press and the National Association of Social Workers Press|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.623|doi-access=free|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-997583-9}}</ref> Earlier, Addams was awarded an honorary Master of Arts degree from [[Yale University]] in 1910, becoming the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the school.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yalealumnimagazine.org/articles/4881-women-of-honor|title=Women of honor|website=yalealumnimagazine.org}}</ref> In 1920, she was a co-founder of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU).<ref>{{cite web|title=Celebrating Women's History Month: The Fight for Women's Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU|work=American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia |url=http://acluva.org/11229/celebrating-womens-history-month-the-fight-for-womens-rights-and-the-aclu/|publisher=ACLU Virginia|date=March 28, 2013}}</ref>  

Addams helped America address and focus on issues that were of concern to mothers or extensions of the domestic-work assigned to women, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace. In her essay "Utilization of Women in City Government", Addams noted the connection between the workings of government and the household, stating that many departments of government, such as sanitation and the schooling of children, could be traced back to traditional women's roles in the private sphere.<ref>Jane Addams, "Utilization of Women in City Government," Chapter 7 ''Newer Ideals of Peace'' (1907) pp. 180–208.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jane Addams on Women in Government |url=https://sageamericanhistory.net/progressive/docs/Addams.htm |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=sageamericanhistory.net}}</ref> When she died in 1935, Addams was the best-known female public figure in the United States.<ref name=":1" />