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Japanese art
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{{short description|none}} {{pp-move}} {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=310|caption_align=center | align = right | direction =vertical | header=Japanese art | image1 = Great Wave off Kanagawa2.jpg | caption1 =Woodblock print ''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' by [[Katsushika Hokusai]], [[Edo period]] | image2 = Genji emaki YADORIGI 2.JPG | caption2 =Scene from the ''[[Genji Monogatari Emaki]]'', [[Heian period]], early 12th century ([[National Treasure of Japan|National Treasure]]) }} {{History of art sidebar}} '''Japanese art''' consists of a wide range of art styles and media that includes [[Jลmon pottery|ancient pottery]], [[Japanese sculpture|sculpture]], [[Ink wash painting|ink painting]] and [[Japanese calligraphy|calligraphy]] on silk and paper, [[Ukiyo-e|{{Transliteration|ja|ukiyo-e}}]] paintings and [[Woodblock printing in Japan|woodblock prints]], [[Japanese pottery and porcelain|ceramics]], [[origami]], [[bonsai]], and more recently [[manga]] and [[anime]]. It has a long history, ranging from the beginnings of human habitation in Japan, sometime in the 10th millennium BCE, to the present day. Japan has alternated between periods of exposure to new ideas, and long periods of minimal contact with the outside world. Over time the country absorbed, imitated, and finally assimilated elements of foreign culture that complemented already-existing aesthetic preferences. The earliest complex art in Japan was produced in the 7th and 8th centuries [[Buddhist art in Japan|in connection with Buddhism]]. In the 9th century, as the Japanese began to turn away from China and develop indigenous forms of expression, the secular arts became increasingly important; until the late 15th century, both religious and secular arts flourished. After the [[ลnin War]] (1467โ1477), Japan entered a period of political, social, and economic turmoil that lasted for over a century. In the state that emerged under the leadership of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], organized religion played a much less important role in people's lives, and the arts that survived were primarily secular. The [[Meiji era|Meiji Period]] (1868โ1912) saw an abrupt influx of Western styles, which have continued to be important. [[Japanese painting|Painting]] is the preferred artistic expression in Japan, practiced by amateurs and professionals alike. Until modern times, the Japanese wrote with a [[Ink brush|brush]] rather than a [[pen]], and their familiarity with brush techniques has made them particularly sensitive to the values and [[aesthetics]] of painting. With the rise of popular culture in the [[Edo period]], {{Transliteration|ja|ukiyo-e}}, a style of woodblock prints, became a major form and its techniques were fine-tuned to create mass-produced, colorful pictures; in spite of painting's traditional pride of place, these prints proved to be instrumental in the Western world's [[Japonisme|19th-century dialogue with Japanese art]]. The Japanese, in this period, found sculpture a much less sympathetic medium for artistic expression: most large Japanese sculpture is associated with [[Religion in Japan|religion]], and the medium's use declined with the lessening importance of traditional Buddhism. [[Japanese pottery]] is among the finest in the world and includes the earliest known Japanese artifacts; [[Japanese export porcelain]] has been a major industry at various points. [[Japanese lacquerware]] is also one of the world's leading arts and crafts, and works gorgeously decorated with [[Maki-e|{{Transliteration|ja|maki-e}}]] were exported to Europe and China, remaining important exports until the 19th century.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191225065626/http://en.urushi-joboji.com/urushi Urushi once attracted the world] urushi-joboji.com</ref><ref name = "murata24"/> In [[Japanese architecture|architecture]], Japanese preferences for natural materials and an interaction of interior and exterior space are clearly expressed.
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