Editing Java (section)

{{Short description|Region and island in Indonesia}}
{{About|the Indonesian island|the programming language|Java (programming language)|other uses|Java (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox island
| name               = Java
| native_name        = {{native name|id|Jawa}}<br>ꦗꦮ {{nobold|([[Javanese language|Javanese]])}}<br>ᮏᮝ {{nobold|([[Sundanese language|Sundanese]])}}<br>''Jawè'' {{nobold|([[Betawi language|Betawi]])}}
| image_name         = Java Topography.png
| image_caption      = Topography of Java
| map_image          = Java_Locator.svg
| location           = [[Southeast Asia]]
| coordinates        = {{Coord|7|20|S|109|37|E|type:isle_region:ID_scale:5000000|display=inline,title}}
| archipelago        = [[Indonesian Archipelago]]
---- 
[[Greater Sunda Islands]]
| area_km2           = 132598.77
| rank               = 13th
| highest_mount      = [[Semeru]]
| elevation_m        = 3678
| country            = [[Indonesia]]
| country_admin_divisions_title = Provinces
| country_admin_divisions = [[Banten]],<br />[[Jakarta|Special&nbsp;Region&nbsp;of&nbsp;Jakarta]],<br />[[West Java]],<br />[[Central Java]],<br />[[Special Region of Yogyakarta]],<br />[[East Java]]
| country_largest_city = [[Jakarta]] (pop.10,684,948)
| population         = 156,927,804
| population_as_of   = mid 2024
| density_km2        = 1,183
| ethnic_groups      = [[Betawi people|Betawi]], [[Cirebonese]], [[Javanese people|Javanese]] (inc. [[Tenggerese people|Tenggerese]], [[Osing people|Osing]], [[Banyumasan people|Banyumasan]]), [[Kangeanese people|Kangeanese]],  [[Madurese people|Madurese]] (inc. [[Bawean people|Bawean]]),  [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] (inc. [[Baduy people|Baduy]], [[Bantenese people|Bantenese]]), etc.
| timezone1          = WIB
| utc_offset1        = +7
}}
{{Contains special characters|Sundanese|compact=yes}}

'''Java'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|'|dZ|a:|v|@|,_|'|dZ|æ|v|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com|Java|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx|id|Jawa}}, {{IPA|id|ˈdʒawa|pron}}; {{langx|jv|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx|su|{{sund|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9&nbsp;million people (including [[Madura]]) in mid 2024, projected to rise to 158&nbsp;million at mid 2025, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf |page=9 |publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] |title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 |language=id |date=21 January 2021 |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.

Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].

Java was formed by volcanic eruptions due to geologic [[subduction]] of the [[Australian Plate]] under the [[Sunda Plate]]. It is the [[List of islands by area|13th largest island]] in the world and the [[List of islands of Indonesia|fifth largest]] in [[Indonesia]] by landmass, at about {{Convert|132598.77|km2|mi2}} (including [[Madura]]'s {{Convert|5408.45|km2|mi2}}). A chain of volcanic mountains is the east–west spine of the island.

Four main languages are spoken on the island: [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Madurese language|Madurese]], and [[Betawi language|Betawi]]. [[Javanese language|Javanese]] and [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] are the most spoken.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Naim |first1=Akhsan |last2=Syaputra |first2=Hendry |year=2011 |title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-Hari Penduduk Indonesia: Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.html |location=Jakarta |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |isbn=9789790644175 |language=id |page=47}}</ref> The ethnic groups native to the island are the [[Javanese people|Javanese]] in the central and eastern parts and [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] in the western parts. The [[Madurese people|Madurese]] in the [[Eastern salient of Java]] are migrants from [[Madura Island]] (which is part of [[East Java]] Province in administrative terms), while the [[Betawi people|Betawi]] in the capital city of Jakarta are hybrids from various [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]]. Most residents are bilingual, speaking [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (the official language of Indonesia) as their first or second language. While the majority of the people of Java are [[Muslims|Muslim]], Java's population comprises people of diverse religious beliefs, ethnicities, and cultures.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stockdale |first1=John Joseph |url={{GBurl|id=YJxt2i2HbjEC|q=java island}} |title=Island of Java |last2=Bastin |first2=John |date=2004-03-15 |publisher=Periplus Editions (HK) Limited |isbn=978-962-8734-23-8 |language=en}}</ref>

Java is divided into four administrative provinces: [[Banten]], [[West Java]], [[Central Java]], and [[East Java]], and two special regions, [[Jakarta]] and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]].