Editing Jean-Luc Godard (section)

{{Short description|French and Swiss film director (1930–2022)}}
{{Redirect|Godard}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| image              = Jean-Luc Godard at Berkeley, 1968.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| caption            = Godard in 1968
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=yes|1930|12|03}}
| birth_place        = [[Paris]], France
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|09|13|1930|12|03}}
| death_place        = [[Rolle]], Vaud, Switzerland
| citizenship        = {{hlist|France|Switzerland}}
| alma_mater         = <!--Per template guidelines, unless there is talk page consensus to the contrary, schools shouldn't be listed in the IB unless the subject graduated from them-->
| occupation         = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|film critic}}
| years_active       = 1950–2022
| spouse             = {{Plainlist|
* {{Marriage|[[Anna Karina]]|3 March 1961|1965|end=divorced}}
* {{Marriage|[[Anne Wiazemsky]]|1967|1979|end=divorced}}
}}
| partner            = [[Anne-Marie Miéville]] (1978–2022; his death)
| signature          = Jean Luc Godard Signature.svg
| movement           = [[French New Wave]]
| relatives          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]] (cousin)
* [[Alex Kuczynski]] (cousin once removed)}}
}}
'''Jean-Luc Godard''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|ɡ|ɒ|d|ɑː}} {{respell|GOD|ar}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ɡ|oʊ|ˈ|d|ɑːr}} {{respell|goh|DAR}}; {{IPA|fr|ʒɑ̃ lyk ɡɔdaʁ|lang}}; 3 December 1930{{spnd}}13 September 2022) was a French and Swiss film director, screenwriter, and film critic. He rose to prominence as a pioneer of the [[French New Wave]] film movement of the 1960s,{{sfn|Grant|2007|loc=Vol. 3, p. 235}} alongside such filmmakers as [[François Truffaut]], [[Agnès Varda]], [[Éric Rohmer]] and [[Jacques Demy]]. He was arguably the most influential French filmmaker of the [[post-war era]].<ref name="Allmovie">{{cite web |last1=Ankeny |first1=Jason |title=Biography |url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/jean-luc-godard-p91804 |publisher=[[AllMovie]] |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802000636/https://www.allmovie.com/artist/jean-luc-godard-p91804 |url-status=deviated }}</ref> According to [[AllMovie]], his work "revolutionized the motion picture form" through its experimentation with narrative, [[continuity editing|continuity]], [[film sound|sound]], and [[cinematography|camerawork]].<ref name="Allmovie" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 September 2022 |title='Godard shattered cinema': Martin Scorsese, Mike Leigh, Abel Ferrara, Claire Denis and more pay tribute |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/sep/14/godard-shattered-cinema-martin-scorsese-mike-leigh-abel-ferrara-luca-guadagnino-and-more-pay-tribute |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922005529/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/sep/14/godard-shattered-cinema-martin-scorsese-mike-leigh-abel-ferrara-luca-guadagnino-and-more-pay-tribute |url-status=live }}</ref>

During his early career as a film critic for ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'', Godard criticized mainstream French cinema's "Tradition of Quality" and championed Hollywood directors like [[Alfred Hitchcock]] and [[Howard Hawks]].{{sfn|Grant|2007|loc=Vol. 3, p. 235}}{{sfn|Grant|2007|loc=Vol. 2, p. 259}} In response, he and like-minded critics began to make their own films,{{sfn|Grant|2007|loc=Vol. 3, p. 235}} challenging the conventions of traditional [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] in addition to [[French cinema]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Jean-Luc Godard |url=http://www.newwavefilm.com/french-new-wave-encyclopedia/jean-luc-godard.shtml |work=New Wave Film |access-date=24 May 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722141245/http://newwavefilm.com/french-new-wave-encyclopedia/jean-luc-godard.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Godard first received global acclaim for ''[[Breathless (1960 film)|Breathless]]'' (1960), a milestone in the New Wave movement.<ref name="Allmovie" /> His work makes use of frequent homages and references to [[film history]], and often expressed his political views; he was an avid reader of [[existentialism]]<ref>{{cite web |title=40 Years Ago, 'Breathless' Was Hyperactive Anarchy. Now It's Part of the Canon |url=http://www.davidsterritt.com/breathless.html |author=David Sterritt |access-date=24 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102072729/http://www.davidsterritt.com/breathless.html |archive-date=2 November 2013}}</ref> and [[Marxist philosophy]], and in 1969 formed the [[Dziga Vertov Group]] with other radical filmmakers to promote political works.{{sfn|Grant|2007|loc=Vol. 3, p. 126}} After the New Wave, his politics were less radical, and his later films came to be about human conflict and [[Representation (arts)|artistic representation]] "from a [[humanist]] rather than Marxist perspective."{{sfn|Grant|2007|loc=Vol. 3, p. 126}} He explained that "As a critic, I thought of myself as a film-maker. Today I still think of myself as a critic, and in a sense I am, more than ever before. Instead of writing criticism, I make a film, but the critical dimension is subsumed."<ref>{{cite book| title=Godard on Godard| page=172}}</ref>

Godard was married three times, to actresses [[Anna Karina]] who claimed that he was abusive towards her<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Brooks |first=Xan |date=21 January 2016 |title=Anna Karina on love, cinema and being Jean-Luc Godard's muse: 'I didn't want to be alive any more' |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/anna-karina-on-love-cinema-and-being-jean-luc-godards-muse-i-didnt-want-to-be-alive-anymore |access-date=7 April 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210202926/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/anna-karina-on-love-cinema-and-being-jean-luc-godards-muse-i-didnt-want-to-be-alive-anymore |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Anne Wiazemsky]], both of whom starred in several of his films, and later to his longtime partner [[Anne-Marie Miéville]].<ref name=WaPo2022-09-13 /> His collaborations with Karina in ''[[Vivre sa vie]]'' (1962), [[Bande à part (film)|''Bande à part'']] (1964) and ''[[Pierrot le Fou]]'' (1965) were called "arguably the most influential body of work in the history of cinema" by ''[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker]]'' magazine.<ref name="Zahedi">{{cite news |url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/98445-be-beautiful-shut-up-anna-karina-on-filmmaking-with-jean-luc-godard/ |title='Be Beautiful and Shut Up': Anna Karina on Filmmaking with Jean-Luc Godard |last=Zahedi |first=Caveh |work=Filmmaker Magazine |access-date=13 January 2018 |archive-date=28 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228192710/https://filmmakermagazine.com/98445-be-beautiful-shut-up-anna-karina-on-filmmaking-with-jean-luc-godard/#.WlnKC0tG23c |url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2002 ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' poll, Godard ranked third in the critics' top ten directors of all time.<ref>{{cite web |title=BFI – Sight & Sound – Top Ten Poll 2002 Poll – The Critics' Top Ten Directors |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics-directors.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623182355/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics-directors.html |archive-date=23 June 2011}}</ref> 

He is said to have "generated one of the largest bodies of critical analysis of any filmmaker since the mid-twentieth century."{{sfn|Grant|2007|loc=Vol. 3, p. 238}} His work has been central to [[Narratology| narrative theory]] and has "challenged both commercial narrative cinema norms and film criticism's vocabulary."{{sfn|Grant|2007|loc=Vol. 3, p. 202}} In 2010, Godard was awarded an [[Academy Honorary Award]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Freeman |first=Nate |url=http://www.observer.com/2010/politics/godard-companion-says-director-will-skip-oscars-calls-honorary-statue-bit-metal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108133955/http://www.observer.com/2010/politics/godard-companion-says-director-will-skip-oscars-calls-honorary-statue-bit-metal |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 November 2010 |title=Godard Companion: Director Will Not Travel to Oscars for a 'Bit of Metal' |newspaper=[[The New York Observer]] |access-date=6 February 2012}}</ref> He was known for his aphorisms, such as "All you need to make a movie is a girl and a gun" and "A film consists of a beginning, a middle and an end, though not necessarily in that order."<ref name=NYTObit>{{cite news| last1=Kehr| first1=Dave| last2=Kandell| first2=Jonathan| title=Jean-Luc-Godard, 91, Is Dead; Bold Director Shaped French New Wave| date=September 13, 2022| work=[[The New York Times]]| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/13/movies/jean-luc-godard-dead.html}}</ref> However, critics have also claimed that Godard's films contain prevailing themes of [[misogyny]] and [[sexism]] towards women. <ref>{{cite web |title=Jean-Luc Godard: The Auteur’s Legacy Reassessed |url=https://www.indiependent.co.uk/jean-luc-godard-legacy-reassessed/|date=30 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Sexism in the French New Wave| url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/fq.2009.62.3.16| journal=[[University_of_California_Press|University of California Press]]| author=Jonathan Rosenbaum| date=Spring 2009}}</ref>