Editing Jewish Autonomous Oblast (section)

{{Short description|Federal subject of the Russian Federation in the Russian Far East}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox Russian federal subject
| en_name=Jewish Autonomous Oblast
| ru_name=Еврейская автономная область
| loc_lang1=Yiddish
| loc_name1={{Script/Hebrew|ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט‎}}
| image_map=Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Crimea disputed).svg
| coordinates={{coord|48|36|N|132|12|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
| image_coa=Coat of arms of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg
| coa_caption=[[Coat of arms of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Coat of arms]]
| image_flag=Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg
| flag_caption=[[Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Flag]]
|anthem=Anthem of Jewish Autonomous Oblast<br />{{center|[[File:Jewish Autonomous Oblast.ogg]]}}
|anthem_ref=<ref name="Anthem">Law #30</ref>
| holiday=
| holiday_ref=
| political_status=Autonomous oblast
| political_status_link=Autonomous oblasts of Russia
| federal_district=[[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]
| economic_region=[[Far Eastern economic region|Far Eastern]]
| adm_ctr_type=Administrative center
| adm_ctr_name=[[Birobidzhan]]
| adm_ctr_ref=<ref name="AdmCtr">Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article&nbsp;5</ref>
| pop_2021census=150453
| pop_2021census_rank=80th
| urban_pop_2021census=70.8%
| rural_pop_2021census=29.2%
|pop_2021census_ref=<ref name="2021census">{{Cite web |title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=1 September 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>
| pop_density
| pop_density_as_of
| pop_density_ref
| pop_latest=
| pop_latest_ref=
| pop_latest_date=
| area_km2=36271
| area_km2_rank=61st
| established_date=7 May 1934
| established_date_ref=<ref name="Established">Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article&nbsp;4</ref>
| license_plates=79
| ISO=RU-YEV
| gov_as_of=December 2013
| leader_title=[[Governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Acting Governor]]
| leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadTitle">Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article&nbsp;22</ref>
| leader_name=[[Maria Kostyuk]]
| leader_name_ref=<ref name="HeadName">Official website of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. [http://eao.ru/?p=6 Alexander Borisovich Levintal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417185911/https://www.eao.ru/?p=6 |date=April 17, 2021 }}, Governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast {{in lang|ru|yi}}</ref>
| legislature=[[Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Legislative Assembly]]
| legislature_ref=<ref name="Legis">Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article&nbsp;15</ref>
| website=[http://www.eao.ru www.eao.ru]
| website_ref
| date=July 2014
}}

The '''Jewish Autonomous Oblast''' ('''JAO'''){{efn|{{langx|ru|Еврейская автономная область (ЕАО)|Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast}} {{IPA|ru|jɪˈvrʲejskəjə ɐftɐˈnomnəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ (ˌje‿ˌa‿ˈo)|ipa}}; {{langx|yi|{{Script/Hebrew|ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט}}|Yidishe Avtonome Gegnt}}, {{IPA|yi|ˈjɪdɪʃə avtɔˈnɔmə ˈɡɛɡn̩t|ipa}}; {{langx|yi|{{Script/Hebrew|ייִדישע אױטאָנאָמע געגנט}}|Yidishe Oytonome Gegnt|label=Standard Yiddish}}, {{IPA|yi|ˈjɪdɪʃə ɔɪtɔˈnɔmə ˈɡɛɡn̩t|ipa}}}} is a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]] in the [[Russian Far East|far east]] of the country, bordering [[Khabarovsk Krai]] and [[Amur Oblast]] in Russia and [[Heilongjiang]] province in [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eran Laor Cartographic Collection. The National Library of Israel |title=Map of Manchuria and region, 1942 |url=http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_MAPS_JER003509115}}</ref> Its [[administrative center]] is the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] of [[Birobidzhan]].

The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934. At its height, in the late 1940s, the [[Jews|Jewish]] population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population.<ref name="David Holley" /> Since then the share of Jews steadily declined, and according to the [[2021 Russian census]], there were only 837 ethnic Jews left in the JAO (0.6%).

Article 65 of the [[Constitution of Russia]] provides that the JAO is Russia's only [[Autonomous oblasts of Russia|autonomous oblast]]. It is one of two officially Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being [[Israel]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland |language=en |work=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/07/492962278/sad-and-absurd-the-u-s-s-r-s-disastrous-effort-to-create-a-jewish-homeland |access-date=2022-10-15}}</ref> It is one of the few places in the world where [[Yiddish]] is a recognized [[minority language]].<ref name=jao-ustav>{{cite web|url=http://constitution.garant.ru/region/ustav_evreis/chapter/1/|title=Устав Еврейской автономной области от 8 октября 1997 г. N 40-ОЗ (с изменениями и дополнениями) Глава I. Общие положения. Статья 6.2 [Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast N 40-ОЗ (with the Amendments and Additions of 8 October 1997): Chapter I. General situation. Article 6.2]|website=Сайт Конституции Российской Федерации [Site of the Constitution of the Russian Federation]|publisher=Garant|access-date=2023-06-16|archive-date=2015-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221205825/http://constitution.garant.ru/region/ustav_evreis/chapter/1/#block_1000|url-status=live|quote=В области создаются условия для сохранения, изучения и развития языков еврейского народа и других народов, проживающих на территории области.|trans-quote=In the oblast the conditions will be created for the protection, study and growth of the languages of the Jewish peoples and other peoples living on the territory of the oblast.}}</ref>