Editing Jonang (section)

{{short description|School of Tibetan Buddhism}}
[[File:Dolpopa's_Great_Stupa_at_Jomonang,_Tibet.jpg|thumb|Dolpopa's Great Stupa at Jomonang, Tibet]]

The '''Jonang''' ({{bo-tw|t=ཇོ་ནང་|w=Jo-nang}}) is a school of [[Tibetan Buddhism|Indo-Tibetan Buddhism]]. Its origins in [[Tibet]] can be traced to the early 12th century master [[Yumo Mikyo Dorje]]. It became widely known through the work of the popular 14th century figure [[Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen]]. The Jonang school's main practice is the [[Kalachakra|''Kālacakra tantra'']] (''Wheel of Time Tantra''), and they are widely known for their defense of the [[Buddhist philosophy|philosophy]] known as [[Rangtong and shentong|shentong]] ("empty of other").

After a period of influence, the Jonang tradition suffered a series of reversals, partly due to its suppression by the politically dominant [[Gelug|Gelug school]] under the [[5th Dalai Lama|Fifth Dalai Lama]] in the [[17th century]]. Jonang did survive in [[Amdo]], from which they eventually re-established themselves in other regions like [[Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Golok]], [[Nakhi people|Nakhi]], and [[Kham]]. They have continued practicing uninterrupted to this day.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sheehy |first1=Michael R. |date=2 February 2007 |title=Dzamthang Tsangwa Monastery |url=http://www.jonangfoundation.org/sites/dzamthang-tsangwa-monastery |access-date=22 February 2019 |website=Jonang Foundation}}</ref> An estimated 5,000 [[bhikkhu|monks]] and [[samanera|nuns]] of the Jonang tradition practice today in these areas. However, their teachings were limited to these regions until the [[Rimé movement]] of the 19th century encouraged the study of non-[[Gelug]] traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.<ref name=Gruschke>Gruschke 2001, p.72</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gruschke|first=Andreas|author-link=Andreas Gruschke|chapter=Der Jonang-Orden: Gründe für seinen Niedergang, Voraussetzungen für das Überdauern und aktuelle Lage|editor1-last=Blezer|editor1-first=Henk|editor1-link=Henk Blezer|editor2-last=Zadoks|editor2-first=A.|title=Tibet, Past and Present: Tibetan Studies 1|series=Proceedings of the Ninth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJJxAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-12775-3|pages=183–214}}</ref>

The Jonang shentong view was influential on various figures in other Tibetan Buddhist schools, including the 3rd [[Karmapa]] [[Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama|Rangjung Dorje]] (1284–1339), the eighth [[Tai Situpa]] (1700–1774), [[Katok Tsewang Norbu]] (1698–1755), [[Situ Panchen]] (1700–1774), [[Jamgon Kongtrul|Jamgön Kongtrül (1813–1899)]], [[Kalu Rinpoche]] (1905[[Jamgon Kongtrul|–]]1989), and [[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche|Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso]] (1934–2024).