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Joseph Rotblat
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{{Short description|Polish physicist (1908–2005)}} {{EngvarB|date=November 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}} {{good article}} {{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | name = Joseph Rotblat | honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|KCMG|CBE|FRS}} | image = Joseph Rotblat Los Alamos identity badge photo.jpg | caption = [[Los Alamos, New Mexico|Los Alamos]] badge photograph, 1944 | birth_name = Józef Rotblat | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1908|11|4}} | birth_place = [[Warsaw]], [[Congress Poland]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2005|8|31|1908|11|4}} | death_place = London, United Kingdom | nationality = [[Poles in the United Kingdom|Polish-British]] | field = [[Physics]] | work_institution = {{plainlist| * Scientific Society of Warsaw * [[Free Polish University|Free University of Poland]] * [[University of Warsaw]] * [[University of Liverpool]] * [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] * [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] * [[University of London]] * [[University of Edinburgh]] }} | alma_mater = {{plainlist| * [[Free Polish University|Free University of Poland]] * [[University of Warsaw]] * [[University of Liverpool]] * [[University of London]] }} | thesis_title = Determination of a number of neutrons emitted from a source | thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/docview/301122892 | thesis_year = 1950 | doctoral_advisor = [[James Chadwick]] | known_for = {{plainlist| * Campaigning for [[nuclear disarmament]] * [[Manhattan Project]] * [[Hippocratic Oath for scientists]] }} | prizes = {{plainlist| * [[Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]] (1998) * [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (1995) * [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] (1995) * [[Albert Einstein Peace Prize]] (1992) * [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (1965) }} | spouse = Tola Gryn | module = {{Listen | embed=yes | filename=Joseph Rotblat in Great Lives b0194mxs.flac | title=Rotblat's voice | type=speech | description=from the [[BBC Radio 4]] programme ''[[Great Lives]]'' broadcast 13 January 2012<ref name="b0194mxs">{{cite episode|title=Joseph Rotblat|series=Great Lives|series-link=Great Lives|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0194mxs|access-date=18 January 2014|station=BBC Radio 4|date=13 January 2012|series-no=26|number=6|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225071853/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0194mxs%20|url-status=live}}</ref> }} }} '''Sir Joseph Rotblat''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|KCMG|CBE|FRS}} (4 November 1908 – 31 August 2005) was a Polish and British [[physicist]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manhattan Project: People > Scientists > JOSEPH ROTBLAT |url=https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/People/Scientists/joseph-rotblat.html |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=www.osti.gov}}</ref> During [[World War II]] he worked on [[Tube Alloys]] and the [[Manhattan Project]], but left the [[Los Alamos Laboratory]] on grounds of conscience after it became clear to him in 1944 that Germany had ceased development of an atomic bomb. His work on [[nuclear fallout]] was a major contribution toward the ratification of the 1963 [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]]. A signatory of the 1955 [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]], he was secretary-general of the [[Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs]] from their founding until 1973 and shared, with the Pugwash Conferences, the 1995 [[Nobel Peace Prize]] "for efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international affairs and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms."<ref name="Nobel Prize" />
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