Editing Joybubbles (section)

{{short description|American phone phreak}}
[[File:Joybubbles 2005.jpg|thumb|Joybubbles in 2005]]
'''Joybubbles''' ({{Birth date|1949|5|25}} – {{death date|2007|8|8}}), born '''Josef Carl Engressia Jr.''' in [[Richmond, Virginia]], was an early [[phreaking|phone phreak]]. Born [[Visual impairment|blind]], he became interested in [[telephone]]s at age four.<ref name=NPR>{{cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13764518| title=Joe Engressia, Expert 'Phone Phreak,' Dies | date=20 August 2007 | website=All Things Considered | publisher=[[National Public Radio]]}}</ref> He had [[absolute pitch]], and was able to whistle [[Phreaking#2600 hertz|2600 hertz]] into a telephone, an operator tone also used by [[blue box]] phreaking devices. Joybubbles said that he had an [[Intelligence quotient|IQ]] of "172 or something".<ref>{{citation
| last        =
| first       =
| date        = June 25, 1998
| title       = A Conversation with Joybubbles
| newspaper   = Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
| url         = http://static.icewhistle.com/joybubbles.html
| archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100218151704/http://www.icewhistle.com/static/joybubbles.html
| archivedate = February 18, 2010
| accessdate  = June 10, 2014 }}</ref> Joybubbles died at his [[Minneapolis]] home on {{death date and age|2007|8|8|1949|5|25}}. According to his death certificate,<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://blog.historyofphonephreaking.org/2008/08/wikipedia-an-information-ouroboros.html
| title = The History of Phone Phreaking Blog: August 27, 2008}}<!-- the source includes an image of the death certificate --></ref> he died of natural causes with [[congestive heart failure]] as a contributing condition.