Editing Judgment at Nuremberg (section)

{{short description|1961 film by Stanley Kramer}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Judgment at Nuremberg
| image          = Judgment at Nuremberg (1961 film poster).jpg
| alt            = 
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| screenplay     = [[Abby Mann]]
| based_on       = {{based on|''[[Judgment at Nuremberg (Playhouse 90)|Judgment at Nuremberg]]''<br>1959 [[Playhouse 90]]|[[Abby Mann]]}}
| starring       = {{ubl|[[Spencer Tracy]]|[[Burt Lancaster]]|[[Richard Widmark]]|[[Marlene Dietrich]]|[[Maximilian Schell]]|[[Judy Garland]]|[[Montgomery Clift]]|[[William Shatner]]|[[Edward Binns]]|[[Kenneth MacKenna]]}}
| director       = [[Stanley Kramer]]
| producer       = Stanley Kramer
| cinematography = [[Ernest Laszlo]]
| music          = [[Ernest Gold (composer)|Ernest Gold]]
| editing        = [[Frederic Knudtson]]
| studio         = Roxlom Films<br>Amber Entertainment 
| distributor    = [[United Artists]]
| released       = {{Film date|1961|12|14|[[Haus der Kulturen der Welt|''Kongresshalle'', Berlin]]|ref1=<ref name="la times dec 14">{{cite journal |last=Scott |first=John L. |date=December 14, 1961 |title=West Berlin Reaction on 'Nuremberg' Awaited |journal=[[Los Angeles Times]] |page=Part IV, p. 7 }}</ref>|1961|12|19|USA}}
| runtime        = 190 minutes
| country        = United States
| language       = English<br/>German
| budget         = $3 million<ref name="tino">{{cite book|first=Tino |last=Balio |title=United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |year=1987 |page=145 |isbn=978-0299114404}}</ref>
| gross          = $16 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1961/0JDNR.php |title=Box Office Information for ''Judgment at Nuremberg'' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128153833/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1961/0JDNR.php |archive-date=2011-11-28 |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=April 14, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Judgment at Nuremberg''''' is a 1961 American [[Epic film|epic]] [[legal drama]] film directed and produced by [[Stanley Kramer]], and written by [[Abby Mann]]. It features [[Spencer Tracy]], [[Burt Lancaster]], [[Richard Widmark]], [[Maximilian Schell]], [[Werner Klemperer]], [[Marlene Dietrich]], [[Judy Garland]], [[William Shatner]], and [[Montgomery Clift]]. Set in [[Nuremberg]], [[West Germany]], the film depicts a fictionalized version{{snd}}with fictional characters{{snd}}of the [[Judges' Trial]] of 1947, one of the twelve [[Subsequent Nuremberg trials|Nuremberg Military Tribunals]] conducted under the auspices of the U.S. military in the [[aftermath of World War II]].

The film centers on a [[Military justice|military tribunal]] led by Chief Trial Judge Dan Haywood (Tracy), before which four judges and prosecutors (as compared to sixteen defendants in the actual Judges' Trial) stand accused of [[crimes against humanity]] due to their senior roles in the judicial system of the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German government]]. The trial centers on questions regarding Germans' individual and collective responsibility for [[the Holocaust]], with the backdrop of a tense international situation including the onset of the [[Cold War]], the [[Berlin Blockade]], and the geopolitical ramification of the [[Subsequent Nuremberg trials|later Nuremberg Trials]] upon German support for the [[Western Bloc]], placing great pressure on Haywood's efforts to reach a just verdict. In addition, the judge faces emotional challenges in his personal relationships with [[People of Germany|German people]] outside the courtroom who consistently [[Knowledge of the Holocaust in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe|claim ignorance of Nazi atrocities]], but who the judge suspects may have known more than they will admit.

An earlier version of the story was broadcast as an [[Judgment at Nuremberg (Playhouse 90)|episode of the same name]] on the television series ''[[Playhouse 90]]'' in 1959.<ref>{{cite web |title=Playhouse 90 – Season 3, Episode 28: Judgment at Nuremberg – TV.com |url=http://www.tv.com/shows/playhouse-90/judgment-at-nuremberg-260460/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307152052/http://www.tv.com/shows/playhouse-90/judgment-at-nuremberg-260460/ |archive-date=2016-03-07 |access-date=2015-06-07 |work=[[TV.com]] |publisher=CBS Interactive}}</ref> Popular interest in this effort caused an expanded focus on its dramatic elements. Maximillian Schell and Werner Klemperer portrayed the same characters in both productions.

In 2013, ''Judgment at Nuremberg'' was selected for preservation in the [[United States]] [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="2013Add">{{cite press release|title=Library of Congress announces 2013 National Film Registry selections|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=December 18, 2013|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/movies/library-of-congress-announces-2013-national-film-registry-selections/2013/12/17/eba98bce-6737-11e3-ae56-22de072140a2_story.html|access-date=December 18, 2013|archive-date=December 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218140500/http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/movies/library-of-congress-announces-2013-national-film-registry-selections/2013/12/17/eba98bce-6737-11e3-ae56-22de072140a2_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Library of Congress|archive-date=2008-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829144902/http://www.loc.gov/film/titles.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The production's presentation of historical events has attracted interest over decades before and since then due to its place in the [[List of Holocaust films|narrative portrayals of the Holocaust in film]].