Editing Juneteenth (section)

{{Short description|US holiday commemorating the emancipation of enslaved people}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name  = Juneteenth
| image         = Juneteenth festival in Milwaukee, 2019.jpg
| caption       = Juneteenth festival in Milwaukee, 2019
| official_name = Juneteenth
| nickname      = {{Indented plainlist|
* Jubilee Day<ref>{{cite news |date=June 12, 1975 |title=Cel-Liberation Style! Fourth Annual Juneteenth Day Kicks off June 19. |newspaper=Milwaukee Star |url=http://www.infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2%3A12A7AE31A7B3CA6B%40EANX-12BA74AAA9B9AFB8%402442576-12BA74AAB9BFAD18%401-12BA74ABAE646B48%40Cel-Liberation%2BStyle%2521%2BFourth%2BAnnual%2BJuneteenth%2BDay%2BKicks%2Boff%2BJune%2B19 |access-date=May 7, 2020 |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620204605/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/user/login?destination=doc%3Fp%3DEANX&docref=image%2Fv2%3A12A7AE31A7B3CA6B%40EANX-12BA74AAA9B9AFB8%402442576-12BA74AAB9BFAD18%401-12BA74ABAE646B48%40Cel-Liberation%20Style%21%20Fourth%20Annual%20Juneteenth%20Day%20Kicks%20off%20June%2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Emancipation Day (Texas)<ref>{{Cite web|first=Daniella|last=Silva|title=What to know about Juneteenth, the emancipation holiday|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/what-know-about-juneteenth-emancipation-holiday-n1231179|date=June 16, 2020|access-date=June 19, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en|archive-date=June 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619043505/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/what-know-about-juneteenth-emancipation-holiday-n1231179|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Kenneth C.|last=Davis|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/juneteenth-our-other-independence-day-16340952/|title=Juneteenth: Our Other Independence Day|website=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]|date=June 15, 2011|access-date=June 27, 2019|archive-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617191024/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/juneteenth-our-other-independence-day-16340952/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Freedom Day
* Black Independence Day<ref name=crs/>}}
| observedby    = United States & parts of Northern Mexico
| duration      = 1 day
| frequency     = Annually
| scheduling    = 
| date          = June 19{{efn|The holiday name is a [[portmanteau]] of ''June'' and ''nineteenth''.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=http://www.blackvoicenews.com/news/46366-juneteenth-celebrated-in-coachella.html |title=Juneteenth Celebrated in Coachella |date=June 22, 2011 |work=Black Voice News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122071819/http://www.blackvoicenews.com/news/46366-juneteenth-celebrated-in-coachella.html |archive-date=January 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gulevich |first1=Tanya |title=Encyclopedia of Christmas and New Year's Celebrations |date=2003 |publisher=Omnigraphics |isbn=9780780806252 |pages=188–211 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TskZAQAAIAAJ}}</ref>}}
| mdy           = yes
| observances   = [[African-American history]], [[African-American culture|culture]], and progress
| type          = [[Federal holidays in the United States|Federal]]
| significance  = [[Emancipation Proclamation|Emancipation]] of [[Slavery in the United States|enslaved people]] in the United States
| firsttime     = {{Unbulleted list|June&nbsp;19, 1866 (celebration)|June&nbsp;19, 2021 (federal holiday){{efn|First observed on Federal calendars on Friday, June 18, 2021, then Monday, June 20, 2022, per Federal law ({{USC|5|6103}}), establishing that holidays falling on a Saturday or Sunday are observed on the Friday prior (if the holiday falls on Saturday) or the Monday following (if the holiday falls on Sunday).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Holidays |url=https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/federal-holidays/ |access-date=November 12, 2021 |publisher=U.S. Office of Personnel Management |language=en |archive-date=November 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110220110/https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/federal-holidays/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}}
| relatedto     = {{hlist|[[Emancipation Day]]|[[Honor America Days]]}}
| alt           = A large street festival in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Much of the crowd is African American, and cooking smoke can be seen rising from food trucks and stands parallel to the street.
| celebrations  = Festivals, parties, parades, church services
| startedby     = Early celebrations were held by [[Black church|Christian churches]] and the [[Freedmen's Bureau]]
}}
{{History of the United States}}
{{African American topics sidebar}}
'''Juneteenth''' is a [[federal holiday in the United States|federal holiday]] in the [[United States]]. It is celebrated annually on June 19 to commemorate the [[End of slavery in the United States|ending of slavery]] in the United States. The holiday's name, first used in the 1890s, is a [[portmanteau]] of the words "June" and "nineteenth", referring to June 19, 1865, the day when Major General [[Gordon Granger]] [[General Order No.&nbsp;3|ordered]] the final enforcement of the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] in [[Texas]] at the end of the [[American Civil War]].<ref name=":1"/><ref name="gates">{{cite web |last=Gates |first=Henry Louis Jr. |authorlink=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |date=January 16, 2013 |title=What Is Juneteenth? |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/what-is-juneteenth |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611223729/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/what-is-juneteenth/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the Civil War period, [[slavery in the United States|slavery]] came to an end in various areas of the United States at different times. Many enslaved Southerners escaped, demanded wages, stopped work, or took up arms against the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] of slave states. In January 1865, Congress finally proposed the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] for national abolition of slavery.  By June 1865, almost all enslaved were freed by the victorious [[Union Army]], or abolition laws in some of the remaining [[U.S. states]]. When the national abolition amendment was ratified in December, the remaining [[History of slavery in Delaware|enslaved in Delaware]] and [[History of slavery in Kentucky#Civil War|in Kentucky]] were freed.

Early celebrations date back to 1866, at first involving church-centered community gatherings in Texas. They spread across [[Southern United States|the South]] among newly freed African American slaves and their descendants and became more commercialized in the 1920s and 1930s, often centering on a [[food festival]]. Participants in the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] brought these celebrations to the rest of the country. During the [[Civil Rights Movement]] of the 1960s, these celebrations were eclipsed by the [[Nonviolence|nonviolent]] determination to achieve civil rights, but grew in popularity again in the 1970s with a focus on African-American freedom and [[African-American art]]s. Beginning with Texas by proclamation in 1938, and by legislation in 1979, every [[U.S. state]] and the [[District of Columbia]] has formally recognized the holiday in some way.

Juneteenth is also celebrated by the [[Mascogos]], descendants of [[Black Seminoles]] who escaped from slavery in 1852 and settled in [[Coahuila]], [[Mexico]].<ref name="Gob">{{cite web |title=Mascogos. Pueblo de afrodescendientes en el norte de México. |trans-title=Mascogos. People of Afro-descendants in the north of Mexico. |url=https://www.gob.mx/cdi/articulos/mascogos-pueblo-de-afrodescendientes-en-el-norte-de-mexico |website=gob.mx |access-date=July 31, 2017 |language=es |archive-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731080549/https://www.gob.mx/cdi/articulos/mascogos-pueblo-de-afrodescendientes-en-el-norte-de-mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>

The day was recognized as a federal holiday in 2021, when the [[117th U.S. Congress]] enacted and President [[Joe Biden]] signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act into law. Juneteenth became the first new federal holiday since [[Martin Luther King Jr. Day]] was adopted in 1983.<ref name="S475-SigningCeremony">{{Cite web
   |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HJW_J4o_1s  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/lUjBhwFcQ4U
   |archive-date=December 11, 2021 |url-status=live
   |title=President Biden Signs the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act Into Law |website=[[YouTube]]
 |date=June 17, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>