Editing Jupiter-C (section)

{{Short description|Part of the Redstone rocket family}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2007}}
{{Infobox rocket
| image    =Jupiter c pad.jpg
| caption  =Jupiter-C on the launch pad at [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]]
| name     =Jupiter-C
| function =[[Sounding rocket]]
| manufacturer =[[Chrysler]] for the ABMA
| country-origin = United States
| height   =  {{convert|69.9|ft|m}}
| diameter =  {{convert|5.8|ft|m}}
| mass     =  {{convert|64,000|lb|kg}}
| stages   =3
| capacities = 
  {{Infobox rocket/payload
  |location = [[Sub-orbital]]
  |kilos    = {{cvt|11|kg}}
  }}
| status   =Retired
| sites    =[[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 5|LC-5]] and [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 6|6]], [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida]]
| launches =3 (all suborbital)
| success  =1 (suborbital)
| fail     =1 (suborbital)
| partial  =1 (suborbital)
| first    =September 20, 1956
| last     =August 8, 1957
| stagedata    = 
  {{Infobox rocket/stage
  |type       = stage
  |stageno    = First
  |name       = [[Redstone (rocket)|Redstone]] (stretched)
  |engines    = 1 North American Aviation (Rocketdyne) 75-110-[[A-7 (rocket engine)|A-7]]
  |thrust     = {{convert|42439|kgf|lbf kN|abbr=on|order=flip}}
  |SI         = {{cvt|235|isp}}
  |burntime   = 155 s
  |fuel       = [[LOX]]/[[Hydyne]]
  }}
  {{Infobox rocket/stage
  |type       = stage
  |stageno    = Second
  |name       = [[Sergeant (rocket)|Sergeant]] cluster
  |engines    = 11 [[solid fuelled rocket|Solid]]
  |solid      = yes
  |thrust     = {{convert|7480|kgf|lbf kN|abbr=on|order=flip}}
  |SI         = {{cvt|214|isp}}
  |burntime   = 6 s
  }}
  {{Infobox rocket/stage
  |type       = stage
  |stageno    = Third
  |name       = [[Sergeant (rocket)|Sergeant]] cluster
  |engines    = 3 [[solid fuelled rocket|Solid]]
  |solid      = yes
  |thrust     = {{convert|2040|kgf|lbf kN|abbr=on}}
  |SI         = {{cvt|214|isp}}
  |burntime   = 6 s
  }}
}}

The '''Jupiter-C''' was an American research and development vehicle<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.redstone.army.mil/ihist-1957.html |title=Redstone Arsenal Historical Information – 1957 |publisher=United States Army |access-date=2015-05-15 |archive-date=2015-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095241/http://history.redstone.army.mil/ihist-1957.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.redstone.army.mil/space-jupiter.html |title=Redstone Arsenal Historical Information – Jupiter |publisher=United States Army |access-date=2015-05-15 |archive-date=2015-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095238/http://history.redstone.army.mil/space-jupiter.html |url-status=live }}</ref> developed from the [[Jupiter-A]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spaceline.org/rocketsum/jupiter-c.html|title=Rockets and Missiles|website=SpaceLine.org|access-date=2018-04-19}}</ref> Jupiter-C was used for three [[Uncrewed vehicle|uncrewed]] [[sub-orbital spaceflight]]s in 1956 and 1957 to test [[Re-entry vehicle|re-entry nosecones]] that were later to be deployed on the more advanced [[PGM-19 Jupiter]] mobile missile. The recovered nosecone was displayed in the Oval Office as part of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's televised speech on November 7, 1957.<ref>Yanek Mieczkowski, 'Cheerleader in Chief, in Eisenhower’s Sputnik Moment: The Race for Space and World Prestige, pp. 105–106.</ref>

A member of the [[Redstone (rocket family)|Redstone rocket family]], Jupiter-C was designed by the U.S. [[Army Ballistic Missile Agency]] (ABMA), under the direction of [[Wernher von Braun]].<ref name="expinfo">
{{cite web |url=https://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/expinfo.html |title=Jupiter-C Explorer-I |publisher=NASA}}</ref> Three Jupiter-C flights were made. These were followed by satellite launches with the vehicle designated as Juno I  (see [[Jupiter-C#Juno I|Juno I]] below or the [[Juno I]] article).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.redstone.army.mil/space-redstone.html |title=Redstone Arsenal Historical Information – Redstone Rocket |publisher=United States Army |access-date=2015-05-15 |archive-date=2015-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095236/http://history.redstone.army.mil/space-redstone.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.redstone.army.mil/space-explorer.html |title=Redstone Arsenal Historical Information – Explorer I |publisher=United States Army |access-date=2015-05-15 |archive-date=2015-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703022718/http://history.redstone.army.mil/space-explorer.html |url-status=live }}</ref> All were launched from [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral, Florida]].