Editing Justinian II (section)

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Short description|Byzantine emperor from 685 to 695 and 705 to 711}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name         = Justinian II
| image        = Justinian ii (2).png
| caption      = Young Justinian II, mosaic in the Basilica of [[Sant'Apollinare in Classe]], [[Ravenna]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hourihane|first=Colum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA4-PA157|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2012|isbn=9780195395365|volume=2|pages=154–157}}</ref>{{efn|Justinian II is depicted as a tall young man when in reality he was 13 years old at the most. The mosaic was made before 681, as he's depicted alongside the co-emperors [[Heraclius (son of Constans II)|Heraclius]] and [[Tiberius (son of Constans II)|Tiberius]] (all of whom are depicted as being as tall as [[Constantine IV]]).}}
| succession   = [[Byzantine emperor]]
| reign        = 10 July 685 – 695
| reign-type   = 1st reign
| predecessor  = [[Constantine IV]]
| successor    = [[Leontius]]
| reign1       = 21 August 705 –<br/>4 November 711
| reign-type1  = 2nd reign
| cor-type     = [[Coronation of the Byzantine emperor|Coronation]]
| predecessor1 = [[Tiberius III]]
| successor1   = [[Philippicus]]
| regent2      = [[Tiberius (son of Justinian II)|Tiberius]] (706–711)
| reg-type2    = Co-emperor
| spouse       = [[Eudokia (wife of Justinian II)|Eudokia]]<br />[[Theodora of Khazaria]]
| issue        = Anastasia<br />[[Tiberius (son of Justinian II)|Tiberius]]
| dynasty      = [[Heraclian Dynasty|Heraclian]]
| father       = [[Constantine IV]]
| mother       = [[Anastasia (wife of Constantine IV)|Anastasia]]
| religion     = [[Chalcedonian Christianity]]
| birth_date   = 668 or 669
| birth_place  = [[Constantinople]]
| death_date   = 4 November 711 (aged 42){{efn|The ''[[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]]'' misquotes [[Philip Grierson]]'s ''"Tombs and Obits"'' and states that Justinian II died on 7 November,<ref name="Kazhdan, p. 1084">{{harvnb|Kazhdan|1991}}</ref> when the text clearly indicates 4 November.<ref name="Tombs">{{Cite journal|last=Grierson|first=Philip|date=1962|title=The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors|url=https://archive.org/details/SevcenkoStudies19611992/page/n72|journal=[[Dumbarton Oaks Papers]]|volume=16|page=50|doi=10.2307/1291157 |jstor=1291157}}</ref>}}
| death_place  = Damatrys, [[Opsikion]]
| title        = [[List of Byzantine Emperors|Emperor of the Romans]]
| regnal name  = {{langx|la|[[Imperator]] [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]] [[Flavia (gens)|Flavius]] Iustinianus [[Augustus (title)|Augustus]]}}<br/>{{langx|el|[[Autokrator|Αὐτοκράτωρ]] καῖσαρ Φλάβιος Ἰουστινιανός αὐγουστος}}{{sfn|Vasiliev|1943}}{{efn|His name is rarely given as ''Flavius Heraclius Iustinianus'' in older sources,<ref>{{cite book |author = Johann George Estor |date = 1766 |title = Freiheit der Teutschen Kirchen, fürnämlich in Rücksicht auf Se. Kaiserliche Majestät, und im Betreffe der Teutschen Reichs-Stände wider die Eingriffe der Curialen zu Rom |page = 101 |isbn = 9781271731411}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Baudartius |first = Willem |date = 1632 |title = Apophthegmata christiana, ofte: Ghedenck-weerdige, leersame, ende aerdighe spreuken, van vele ende verscheydene christelicke ende christen-ghelijcke persoonen gesproken ...: alles uyt vele gheloof-weerdighe scribenten met grooten vlijt versamelt ... |page = 196}}</ref> but this is not corroborated by modern historians or contemporary coins or writings.}}
}}
'''Justinian II''' ({{langx|el|Ἰουστινιανός|Ioustinianós}}; {{langx|la|Iustinianus}}; 668/69 – 4 November 711), nicknamed "'''the Slit-Nosed'''" ({{langx|el|ὁ Ῥινότμητος|ho Rhīnótmētos}}),{{fact|date=February 2025}} was the last [[Byzantine emperor]] of the [[Heraclian dynasty]], reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Like his namesake, [[Justinian I]], Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories. However, he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, [[Constantine IV]].<ref name="Ostrogorsky, pp. 116-122">{{harvnb|Ostrogorsky|1956|pp=116–122}}</ref>  Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, resulting in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising. He only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a [[Bulgars|Bulgar]] and [[Slav]] army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and in 711 he was killed by mutinous soldiers.