Editing Knowledge level modeling (section)

'''Knowledge level modeling''' is the process of theorizing over observations about a world and, to some extent, explaining the behavior of an agent as it interacts with its environment.

Crucial to the understanding of knowledge level modeling are [[Allen Newell]]'s notions of the [[knowledge level]], ''operators'', and an agent's ''goal state''.

*The ''knowledge level'' refers to the knowledge an agent has about its world.
*''Operators'' are what can be applied to an agent to affect its state.
*An agent's ''goal state'' is the status reached after the appropriate operators have been applied to transition from a previous, non-goal state.

Essentially, knowledge level modeling involves evaluating an agent's knowledge of the world and all possible states and with that information constructing a model that depicts the interrelations and pathways between the various states.  With this model, various problem solving methods (i.e. prediction, classification, explanation, tutoring, qualitative reasoning, planning, etc.) can be viewed in a uniform fashion. This modeling aspect is crucial in [[cognitive architectures]] for intelligent agents.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lieto | first1 = A. | last2 = Lebiere | first2 = C.| last3 = Oltramari | first3 = A.| year = 2018 | title = The knowledge level in cognitive architectures: Current limitations and possible developments |journal =  Cognitive Systems Research |volume=48 |pages=39–55 |doi= 10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.05.001 | hdl = 2318/1665207 | s2cid = 206868967 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

In "Applications of Abduction: Knowledge-Level Modeling",<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Menzies |first1=Tim |title=Applications of abduction: knowledge-level modelling |journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies |date=September 1996 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=305–335 |doi=10.1006/ijhc.1996.0054 }}</ref> Menzies proposes a new knowledge level modeling approach, called '''''KL'''''<sub>'''''B'''''</sub>, which specifies that "a knowledge base should be divided into domain-specific facts and domain-independent abstract problem solving inference procedures."  In his method, [[abductive reasoning]] is used to find assumptions which, when combined with theories, achieve the desired goals of the system.

Lack of Knowledge-Level in sports coaches might be dangerous and increase risk of injuries.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hammad |first1=S. |last2=Hammad |first2=R. |last3=Djemai |first3=H. |last4=Dabayebeh |first4=I.M. |last5=Ghanima |first5=S. |title=The knowledge level of Taekwondo coaches regarding physical training methods in Jordan |journal=Science & Sports |date=November 2022 |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=631.e1–631.e7 |doi=10.1016/j.scispo.2022.02.001 }}</ref>

For a good example of abductive reasoning, look at [[logical reasoning]].