Editing Lagos State (section)

{{Short description|State in Nigeria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Lagos State
| official_name      = 
| native_name        = {{unbulleted list| {{native name|yo|Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó|}} | {{native name|guw|Ayìmátẹ̀n Awọnlìn tọ̀n}} }}
| type               = [[States of Nigeria|State]]
| image_skyline      = 
| image_alt          = 
| image_flag         = Lagos_State_Flag.svg
| flag_alt           = Flag of Lagos State
| flag_size          = 150px
| image_seal         = Lagos_Seal.svg
| seal_size          = 80px
| seal_alt           = Seal of Lagos State
| nickname           = Las Gidi, Gidi
| image_map          = Nigeria - Lagos.svg
| motto              = Centre of Excellence
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location of Lagos State in Nigeria
| coordinates        = {{coord|6|35|N|3|45|E|region:NG_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Nigeria}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Geopolitical zones of Nigeria|Geopolitical Zone]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[South West, Nigeria|South West]]
| parts_type         = [[Local government areas of Nigeria|Number of LGAs]]
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = [[List of Lagos State local government areas by population|20]]
| established_title  = [[List of Nigerian states by date of statehood|Date created]]
| established_date   = 27 May 1967
| seat_type          = [[List of Nigerian state capitals|Capital]]
| seat               = [[Ikeja]]
| government_footnotes = 
| governing_body     = Government of Lagos State
| leader_party       = [[All Progressive Congress|APC]]
| leader_title       = [[Governor of Lagos State|Governor]]<ref>See [[List of governors of Lagos State]] for a list of prior governors</ref>
| leader_name        = [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]]
| leader_title1      = [[Deputy Governor of Lagos State|Deputy Governor]]
| leader_name1       = [[Femi Hamzat]] ([[All Progressive Congress|APC]])
| leader_title2      = Speaker, House of Assembly
| leader_name2       = Rt. Hon. [[Mudashiru Obasa]]
| leader_title3      = [[Chief Judge of Lagos State|Chief Judge]]
| leader_name3       = [[Kazeem Alogba]]
| leader_title4      = [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Lagos#10th Assembly (2023-till date)|National Assembly delegation]]
| leader_name4       = [[Senate of Nigeria|Senators]]: {{unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|C: [[Wasiu Sanni]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|E: [[Tokunbo Abiru]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}<br>{{Nowrap|W: [[Oluranti Adebule]] ([[All Progressives Congress|APC]])}}}}[[Nigerian House of Representatives|Representatives]]: [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Lagos#10th Assembly (2023-till date)|List]]
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 3,577
| area_rank          = 
| area_note          = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA : 2006 Population Census |access-date=25 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="PHC Tables">{{Cite web|url=http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|title=2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION|website=population.gov.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054745/http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| population_total   = 9,113,605
| population_as_of   = 2006 census
| pop_est_as_of      = 2019 by [[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National<br>Bureau of Statistics]], 2020 by [[Lagos State Government|LASG]]
| population_est     = {{plainlist|
* 12,772,884<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/1241121 |title=Demographic Statistics Bulletin 2020 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]] | access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
* 35,000,000<ref name="LASG">{{cite web|url=https://lagosstate.gov.ng/about-lagos/|title=Lagos State Population |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>}}
| population_rank    = [[List of Nigerian states by population|1st/2nd of 36]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note    = 
| population_demonym = Lagosian
| demographics_type1 = [[List of Nigerian states by GDP|GDP]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Year
| demographics1_info1 = [[List of Nigerian states by GDP|2021]]
| demographics1_title2 = Total
| demographics1_info2 = $102&nbsp;billion (nominal)<br />$267&nbsp;billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<ref name="C-GIDD GDP">{{cite web |date=2022-10-13 |editor-last=Okeowo |editor-first=Gabriel |editor2-last=Fatoba |editor2-first=Iyanuoluwa |title=State of States 2022 Edition |url=https://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-State-of-states_Official.pdf |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Budgit.org |publisher=BudgIT |publication-date=2022-10-13}}</ref><br />[[List of Nigerian states by GDP|1st of 36]]
| demographics1_title3 = Per capita
| demographics1_info3 = $6,614 (nominal)<br />$17,282 ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])<br />[[List of Nigerian states by GDP|1st of 36]]
| timezone1          = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
| utc_offset1        = +01
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = 
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:NG|NG-LA]]
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021)
| blank_info_sec1    = 0.681<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}} · [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index|1st of 37]]
| website            = {{URL|http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng|lagosstate.gov.ng}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Lagos State''' ({{langx|yo|Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó}}, {{langx|guw|Ayìmátẹ̀n Awọnlìn tọ̀n}}) is a [[States of Nigeria|state]] in South West, [[Nigeria]]. Of the 36 [[States of Nigeria|Nigerian states]], Lagos is the second [[List of Nigerian states by population|most populous state]] but the [[List of Nigerian states by area|smallest in terms of land mass]]. Bounded to the south by the [[Bight of Benin]] and to the west by the [[Benin–Nigeria border|international border]] with [[Benin]] for 10&nbsp;km, Lagos State borders [[Ogun State]] to the north for about 283&nbsp;km, making it the only Nigerian state to border only one other state. Named for the city of [[Lagos]]—the [[List of urban areas in Africa by population|most populous city in Africa]]—the state was formed from the [[Western Region, Nigeria|Western Region]] and the former Federal Capital Territory on 27 May 1967.<ref name=":32">{{cite web |last1=Onyeakagbu |first1=Adaobi |title=See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/see-how-all-the-36-nigerian-states-got-their-names/g8bkn2c |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref><ref name="Creation2">{{cite web |date=24 October 2017 |title=This is how the 36 states were created |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e |access-date=22 December 2021 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref>

Geographically, Lagos State is dominated by bodies of water with nearly a quarter of the state's area covered with bodies of water.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos {{!}} Nigeria Education|url=http://nigeria-education.org/states/lagos|website=nigeria-education.org|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505120216/http://nigeria-education.org/states/lagos|url-status=dead}}</ref> The largest of these bodies are the [[Lagos Lagoon|Lagos]] and [[Lekki Lagoon|Lekki]] lagoons in the state's interior with the [[Ogun River|Ogun]] and [[Osun river|Osun]] rivers flowing into them. Many other rivers and creeks flow throughout the state and serve as vital means of transportation for people and goods. On land, non-urbanized areas are within the [[Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|tropical]] [[Nigerian lowland forests]] [[List of ecoregions in Nigeria|ecoregion]] with natural areas containing threatened populations of [[mona monkey]], [[tree pangolin]], and [[hooded vulture]] along with a transitory population of [[African forest elephant]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Talabi |first1=Kolawole |title=Can public-private partnerships preserve the dwindling biodiversity of Lagos? |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2016/07/can-public-private-partnerships-preserve-the-dwindling-biodiversity-of-lagos/ |website=[[Mongabay]] |date=5 July 2016 |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Excellence |first1=Akeredolu O. |last2=Routh |first2=Andrew |last3=Temitope |first3=Odeniyi |title=Trade and the decline of the African tree pangolin in Lagos State, Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323676612 |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Owolabi |first1=Bibitayo Ayobami |last2=Odewumi |first2=Sunday Olayinka |last3=Agbelusi |first3=Ebenezer Abayomi |title=Perceptions on population decline and ethno-cultural knowledge of Hooded Vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) in southwest States of Nigeria. |journal=Vulture News |year=2021 |volume=78 |pages=11–19 |doi=10.4314/vulnew.v78i1.2 |s2cid=233966006 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/vulnew/article/view/203764 |access-date=2 January 2022|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Save Nigeria's largest herd of elephants from extinction', group urges Lagos, Ogun state |url=https://guardian.ng/property/environment/save-nigerias-largest-herd-of-elephants-from-extinction-group-urges-lagos-ogun-state/ |website=The Guardian |date=14 December 2021 |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> Offshore, the state is also biodiverse as there are large fish populations along with [[African manatee]]s and [[crocodile]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Amao |first1=J. O. |last2=Oluwatayo |first2=I. B. |last3=Osuntope |first3=F. K. |title=Economics of Fish Demands in Lagos State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Human Ecology |date=24 Oct 2017 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=25–30 |doi=10.1080/09709274.2006.11905853 |s2cid=73599147 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09709274.2006.11905853?journalCode=rhue20 |access-date=2 January 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Olufowobi |first1=Sesan |title=Sea cow rescued in Lagos |url=https://punchng.com/sea-cow-rescued-in-lagos/ |website=[[The Punch]] |date=10 September 2018 |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref>

Lagos State has been inhabited for years by various indigenous ethnic groups, primarily the majority [[Yoruba people]] who live throughout the state but also the [[Ewe people|Ewe]] and [[Ogu people|Ogu]] peoples in the far west. As a result of migration since the nineteenth century, Lagos State also has large populations of non-native Nigerian ethnic groups with [[Edo people|Edo]], [[Fula people|Fulani]], [[Hausa people|Hausa]], [[Igbo people|Igbo]], [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]], [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]], [[Efik people|Efik]], and [[Nupe people|Nupe]] peoples among other Nigerian groups. There are also groups from outside of Nigeria's modern borders with the [[Saro people|Saro (Sierra Leonean)]] and [[Brazilians in Nigeria|Amaro (Brazilian)]] groups being descendants of [[Freedman|formerly enslaved people]] who returned to Africa in the 1800s with a longstanding Middle Eastern Nigerian community (mainly Syrian and [[Lebanese Nigerians]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagos Population 2022 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs) |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/lagos-population |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref> also forming a significant part of Lagos' population along with recent immigrants from [[Benin Republic|Benin]], [[Chinese people in Nigeria|China]], [[Ghana]], [[India]], [[Togo]], and the [[British Nigerian|United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adeshokan |first1=Oluwatosin |title=The last French speakers in Lagos |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2020-01-10-00-the-last-french-speakers-in-lagos/ |website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |access-date=3 January 2022 |date=10 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=In Nigeria, Chinatown Vendors Struggle For Profits |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/06/15/137045110/in-nigeria-chinatown-vendors-struggle-for-profits |website=[[NPR]] |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fawehinmi |first1=Yolanthe |title=Meet the British-Nigerians swapping London for 'Africa's Silicon Valley' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/meet-british-nigerians-swapping-london-africas-silicon-valley/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=26 October 2021 |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ndukwe |first1=Ijeoma |title='Everyone is hustling here': The Lebanese of Nigeria |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/1/28/everyone-is-hustling-here-the-lebanese-of-nigeria |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> Religiously, the state is also diverse, as there is a sizable number of [[Christian]], [[Muslim]] and [[Traditional African religions|traditional ethnic religions]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-18 |title=Lagos, Nigeria's mega city where shrines compete with churches, mosques |url=https://punchng.com/lagos-nigerias-mega-city-shrines-compete-churches-mosques/ |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the [[pre-colonial]] period, the area that is now Lagos State was mainly [[fishing]] villages<ref>{{Cite web |title=Makoko Fishing Village, Lagos, Nigeria {{!}} Fishing villages, Unusual buildings, Village |url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/412994228302749283/ |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Pinterest |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g304026-d21311536-Reviews-Ilaje_Fishing_Village_Gberefu_Badagry-Lagos_Lagos_State.html |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Tripadvisor |language=en |title=Ilaje Fishing Village Gberefu Badagry - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (With Photos) }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-29 |title=Orimedu: Small Lagos Island where fishing unites two countries |url=https://punchng.com/orimedu-small-lagos-island-where-fishing-unites-two-countries/ |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=News Archives - Page 2922 of 16125 |url=https://punchng.com/topics/news/ |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> and ports that at various points were controlled by states including the [[Oyo Empire]] and [[Kingdom of Benin|Benin Kingdom]] until the early 1800s when the city of [[Lagos]] had developed into a major kingdom of its own right. In 1850, the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] successfully attacked the kingdom in the [[Bombardment of Lagos]] before installing [[Akitoye|an ally]] as [[Oba of Lagos|Oba]] and signing [[Treaty Between Great Britain and Lagos, 1 January 1852|a treaty]] that established Lagos as being under British protection. Ten years later, the forced [[Lagos Treaty of Cession]] led to the formal establishment of the [[Lagos Colony]]. In 1906, the colony was incorporated into the new [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] which merged into [[British Nigeria]] in 1914 with the city of [[Lagos]] as its capital. Upon independence in 1960, Lagos remained as the capital with much of the city forming the Federal Capital Territory while the rest of modern-day Lagos State was a part of the [[Western Region, Nigeria|Western Region]] until 1967 when the region was split and the area became Lagos State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagos: From British Colony to Federating State - THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/30/lagos-from-british-colony-to-federating-state |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref>

Economically, Lagos State is one of the fastest-growing urban areas in the world. It contains the most populous city in Nigeria and one of the most important states in the country, a major financial centre and has one of the largest [[List of African countries by GDP (nominal)|economies in Africa]]<ref name="John M. O. Ekundayo 2013 135">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjhKyg8OjBUC&q=Lagos+State+Economy+in+Africa&pg=PA135|title=Out of Africa: Fashola: Reinventing Servant Leadership to Engender Nigeria's Transformation|author=John M. O. Ekundayo|page=135|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2013|isbn=9781481790406}}</ref> with a [[gross domestic product]] of $84 billion comparable with [[Ghana]]'s $75 billion, [[Angola]]'s $70 billion, and [[Ethiopia]]'s $93 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Munshi |first1=Neil |date=February 2021 |title=How Lagos loses out in battle for investors |newspaper=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/eca6f672-4ee6-4dd0-94c4-9213294b61fb |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/eca6f672-4ee6-4dd0-94c4-9213294b61fb |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-03}}</ref> Lagos State is also a key culture, education, and transportation hub for [[Nigeria]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]. Additionally, the state also has the highest literacy rate in Nigeria. It is known for its vibrant culture, bustling markets, and significant economic activities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ajose |first1=Farook |title=Lagos is Nigeria's leading state, which other states come close? |url=https://redeagleng.com/economy/lagos-nigeria-states/ |website=Our Red Eagle |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref> Despite overcrowding and chronic debilitating traffic, Lagos State has the [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index#2019|highest]] [[Human Development Index]] in Nigeria and numerous developmental projects.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bearak |first1=Max |last2=Moriarty |first2=Dylan |last3=Ledur |first3=Júlia |title=How Africa will become the center of the world's urban future |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2021/africa-cities/ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Human Development Indices |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/ |website=Global Data Lab |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>