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Landscape engineering
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{{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 400 | footer = | image1 = Brays Bayou.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = A river with functional (flood preventing) engineering (in [[Houston]], Texas) | image2 = Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen October 2013 02.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = A canal design focused on esthetical [[landscape architecture]] (in [[Stockholm]], Sweden) for comparison.}} '''Landscape engineering''' is the application of [[mathematics]] and [[science]] to shape land and waterscapes. It can also be described as [[Sustainable engineering|green engineering]], but the design professionals best known for landscape engineering are [[landscape architecture|landscape architects]]. Landscape engineering is the interdisciplinary application of [[engineering]] and other [[applied science]]s to the design and creation of [[Human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] landscapes. It differs from, but embraces traditional [[land reclamation|reclamation]]. It includes scientific disciplines: [[agronomy]], [[botany]], [[ecology]], [[forestry]], [[geology]], [[geochemistry]], [[hydrogeology]], and [[Wildlife biologist|wildlife biology]]. It also draws upon applied sciences: agricultural & horticultural sciences, engineering [[geomorphology]], landscape architecture, and [[mining]], [[geotechnical]], and civil, agricultural & [[irrigation]] engineering. Landscape engineering builds on the engineering strengths of declaring goals, determining initial conditions, iteratively designing, predicting performance based on knowledge of the design, monitoring performance, and adjusting designs to meet the declared goals. It builds on the strengths and history of reclamation practice. Its distinguishing feature is the marriage of landforms, substrates, and vegetation throughout all phases of design and construction, which previously have been kept as separate disciplines. Though landscape engineering embodies all elements of traditional engineering (planning, investigation, design, construction, operation, assessment, research, management, and training), it is focused on three main areas. The first is closure planning – which includes goal setting and design of the landscape as a whole. The second division is landscape design more focused on the design of individual landforms to reliably meet the goals as set out in the closure planning process. Landscape performance assessment is critical to both of these, and is also important for estimating liability and levels of financial assurance. The iterative process of planning, design, and performance assessment by a multidisciplinary team is the basis of landscape engineering. Source: McKenna, G.T., 2002. ''Sustainable [[mine reclamation]] and landscape engineering''. PhD Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 661p.
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