Editing Langdon Cheves (section)

{{Short description|American politician (1776–1857)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name     = Langdon Cheves
|image    = LangdonCheves.jpg
|caption   = Portrait of Cheves as Speaker of the U.S. House c. 1815
|office    = President of the [[Second Bank of the United States]]
|president  = [[James Monroe]]
|term_start  = March 6, 1819
|term_end   = January 6, 1823
|predecessor = James Fisher {{small|(acting)}}
|successor  = [[Nicholas Biddle (banker)|Nicholas Biddle]]
|office1   = 8th [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]]
|term_start1 = January 19, 1814
|term_end1  = March 3, 1815
|predecessor1 = [[Henry Clay]]
|successor1  = Henry Clay
|state2    = [[South Carolina]]
|district2  = {{ushr|SC|1|1st}}
|term_start2 = December 31, 1810
|term_end2  = March 3, 1815
|predecessor2 = [[Robert Marion]]
|successor2  = [[Henry Middleton (governor)|Henry Middleton]]
|office3   = [[List of Attorneys General of South Carolina|Attorney General of South Carolina]]
|governor3  = [[John Drayton]]
|term_start3 = December 8, 1808
|term_end3  = December 4, 1810
|predecessor3 = John Pringle
|successor3  = John Richardson
|office4   = Member of the<br>[[South Carolina House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Charleston, South Carolina|the Parish of St. Philip and St. Martin]]
|term_start4 = November 22, 1802
|term_end4  = 1804
|term_start5 = 1806
|term_end5  = December 8, 1808
|birth_date  = {{birth date|1776|9|17}}
|birth_place = [[Abbeville County, South Carolina]], U.S.
|death_date  = {{death date and age|1857|6|26|1776|9|17}}
|death_place = [[Columbia, South Carolina]], U.S.
|party    = [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]
|spouse    = Mary Dulles
|children   = 14, including [[Louisa Susannah Cheves McCord|Louisa]]
}}
'''Langdon Cheves''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɪ|v|ᵻ|s}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Correct Mispronunciations of Some South Carolina Names|last1=Neuffer|first1=Claude|last2=Neuffer|first2=Irene|year=1983|publisher=[[University of South Carolina Press]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Huff|1977|p=1}} September 17, 1776 – June 26, 1857) was an American politician, lawyer and businessman from [[South Carolina]]. He represented the city of [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] in the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 1810 to 1815, where he played a key role on the [[home front]] of the [[War of 1812]]. Cheves was a leader among the [[War Hawk#Historical group|War Hawk faction]] of the House. He served as chairman of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Ways and Means under [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Henry Clay]], then succeeded Clay as Speaker in the war's final stages. After leaving the House, he served as President of the [[Second Bank of the United States]] from 1819 to 1823.

After leaving public office, Cheves was an active advocate for unified Southern resistance to [[protectionism|protective tariffs]] and any attempt to [[abolitionism|abolish slavery]], though an opponent of unilateral action by South Carolina or any one state. Originally, Cheves advocated for a convention of Southern states to pressure Congress into adopting these positions, but eventually became one of the earliest advocates for outright regional secession from the United States.