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{{Short description|Dynastic state in Northeast China (384-409 CE)}} {{About|the Later Yan established by Murong Chui|the Later Yan established by Shi Siming|Yan (An–Shi)}} {{Infobox country | native_name = 燕 | conventional_long_name = Yan | common_name = Later Yan| | era = <!--- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. ---> | status = | government_type = [[Monarchy]]||<!--- Rise and fall, events, years and dates --->|<!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration"-->| | year_start = 384 | year_end = 409| | year_exile_start = <!--- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government - status="Exile") ---> | year_exile_end = <!--- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) --->| | event_start = <!--- Default: "Established" ---> | date_start = <!--- Optional: Date of establishment, enter dates in this format 1 January 1801---> | event_end = <!--- Default: "Disestablished" ---> | date_end = 6 November<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna%253D%25AAF%25AE%25CA%2526king%253D%25A6w%25AB%25D2%2526reign%253D%25B8q%25BA%25B3%2526yy=5&ycanzi=&mm=10&dd=&dcanzi%253D%25A5%25B3%25A8%25B0|title=中央研究院網站|website=www.sinica.edu.tw}}</ref><ref>''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'', [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷115|vol. 115]].</ref>| | event1 = Establishment of Zhongshan as capital | date_event1 = 8 February 386<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna%253D%25AAF%25AE%25CA%2526king%253D%25A7%25B5%25AAZ%25AB%25D2%2526reign%253D%25A4%25D3%25A4%25B8%2526yy=10&ycanzi=&mm=12&dd=&dcanzi%253D%25A4%25FE%25A5%25D3|title=中央研究院網站|website=www.sinica.edu.tw}}</ref><ref name=ZZTJ106>''Zizhi Tongjian'', [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷106|vol. 106]].</ref> | event2 = [[Murong Chui]]'s claim of imperial title | date_event2 = 15 February 386<ref name=ZZTJ106/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna%253D%25AAF%25AE%25CA%2526king%253D%25A7%25B5%25AAZ%25AB%25D2%2526reign%253D%25A4%25D3%25A4%25B8%2526yy=11&ycanzi=&mm=1&dd=1&dcanzi=|title=中央研究院網站|website=www.sinica.edu.tw}}</ref> | event3 = Evacuation of Zhongshan | date_event3 = 27 April 397<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna%253D%25AAF%25AE%25CA%2526king%253D%25A6w%25AB%25D2%2526reign%253D%25B6%25A9%25A6w&yy=1&ycanzi=&mm=3&dd=&dcanzi%253D%25A4%25D0%25A4l|title=中央研究院網站|website=www.sinica.edu.tw}}</ref><ref name=ZZTJ109>''Zizhi Tongjian'', [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷109|vol. 109]].</ref> | event4 = [[Murong Xi]]'s death | date_event4 = 16 September 407<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna%253D%25AAF%25AE%25CA%2526king%253D%25A6w%25AB%25D2%2526reign%253D%25B8q%25BA%25B3%2526yy=3&ycanzi=&mm=7&dd=&dcanzi%253D%25A4%25FE%25B1G|title=中央研究院網站|website=www.sinica.edu.tw}}</ref><ref>''Zizhi Tongjian'', [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷114|vol. 114]].</ref>| | event_pre = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before before "event_start"---> | date_pre = | event_post = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end"---> | date_post = ||<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 ---> | p1 = Former Qin | flag_p1 = <!--- Default: "Flag of {{{p1}}}.svg" (size 30) ---> | image_p1 = <!--- Use: [[Image:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] ---> | p2 = | flag_p2 = | p3 = | flag_p3 = | p4 = | flag_p4 = | p5 = | flag_p5 = | s1 = Northern Wei | flag_s1 = <!--- Default: "Flag of {{{s1}}}.svg" (size 30) ---> | image_s1 = <!--- Use: [[Image:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] ---> | s2 = Southern Yan | flag_s2 = | s3 = Northern Yan | flag_s3 = | s4 = | flag_s4 = | s5 = | flag_s5 = | | image_flag = <!--- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg ---> | flag = <!--- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} ---> | flag_type = <!--- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" --->| | image_coat = <!--- Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}.svg ---> | symbol = <!--- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} ---> | symbol_type = <!--- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default "Coat of arms" --->| | image_map = Sixteen Kingdoms 391 AD (2).jpg | image_map_caption = Later Yan in 391 AD| | image_map2 = Sixteen Kingdoms 400 AD (2).jpg | image_map2_caption = Later Yan in 400 AD| | capital = Zhongshan (386–397)<br>Longcheng (397–409) | capital_exile = <!-- If status="Exile" --> | latd = | latm = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longEW = | | national_motto = | national_anthem = | common_languages = | religion = | currency = ||<!--- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies ---> | leader1 = [[Murong Chui]] | leader2 = [[Murong Bao]] | leader3 = [[Lan Han]] | leader4 = [[Murong Sheng]] | leader5 = [[Murong Xi]] | leader6 = [[Murong Yun]] | year_leader1 = 384–396 | year_leader2 = 396–398 | year_leader3 = 398 | year_leader4 = 398–401 | year_leader5 = 401–407 | year_leader6 = 407–409 | title_leader = Emperor | representative1 = <!--- Name of representative of head of state (eg. colonial governor) ---> | representative2 = | representative3 = | representative4 = | year_representative1 = <!--- Years served ---> | year_representative2 = | year_representative3 = | year_representative4 = | title_representative = <!--- Default: "Governor"---> | deputy1 = <!--- Name of prime minister ---> | deputy2 = | deputy3 = | deputy4 = | year_deputy1 = <!--- Years served ---> | year_deputy2 = | year_deputy3 = | year_deputy4 = | title_deputy = <!--- Default: "Prime minister" --->||<!--- Legislature ---> | legislature = <!--- Name of legislature ---> | house1 = <!--- Name of first chamber ---> | type_house1 = <!--- Default: "Upper house"---> | house2 = <!--- Name of second chamber ---> | type_house2 = <!--- Default: "Lower house"--->||<!--- Area and population of a given year ---> | stat_year1 = <!--- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both ---> | stat_area1 = <!--- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated ---> | stat_pop1 = <!--- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given ---> | stat_year2 = | stat_area2 = | stat_pop2 = | stat_year3 = | stat_area3 = | stat_pop3 = | stat_year4 = | stat_area4 = | stat_pop4 = | stat_year5 = | stat_area5 = | stat_pop5 = | footnotes = <!--- Accepts wikilinks ---> | today = [[China]] }} '''Yan''', known in historiography as the '''Later Yan''' ({{zh|s=后燕|t=後燕|p=Hòu Yān}}; 384 – 407 or 409), was a [[Dynasties in Chinese history|dynastic state of China]] ruled by the [[Xianbei]] people during the era of [[Sixteen Kingdoms]].<ref name=Rene>{{Cite book |last=Grousset |first=Rene |title=The Empire of the Steppes |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1970 |isbn=0-8135-1304-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/59 59] |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/59 }}</ref> The prefix "Later" to distinguish them from the Former Yan before them and other Yan states from the period. Historiographers also consider the Former Yan and Later Yan as separate states despite both being ruled by the same imperial family, and the Later Yan's founder, [[Murong Chui]], had intended his state to be a restoration. Due to the devastation inflicted on the old Yan capital, [[Ye (Hebei)|Ye]], the city of Zhongshan (中山, in modern [[Baoding]], Hebei) became the first capital of the Later Yan. The Later Yan managed to recover most of their old territory in [[Liaoning]], [[Hebei]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Shandong]] and [[Henan]] by 394. However, after the [[Northern Wei]] invasion in 396, they were reduced to Liaoning and parts of northeastern Hebei, where they made [[Longcheng District|Longcheng]] their new capital. Their territory was further reduced during their war with [[Goguryeo]] as they lost the [[Liaodong Peninsula]]. The Later Yan rulers initially declared themselves "emperors", but towards the end they adopted the lesser title of "''Tiān Wáng"'' ([[Heavenly King]]). Some historians consider [[Murong Xi]] the last ruler of Later Yan, while others consider it to be [[Gao Yun (emperor)|Gao Yun]], an adopted member of the imperial family of [[Goguryeo]] ethnicity.
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