Editing Lavash (section)

{{Short description|Flatbread}}
{{About|the flatbread|the Caribbean island|Lavash Island}}
{{Redirect|Lavaş|the cheese|Lavaş cheese|other uses|Lavas (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Lavash
| image = Lavash, Temple Fortune, London (4444275978).jpg
| type = Flatbread
| place_of_origin = [[Armenia]]<ref name="Lavash" /><ref>Lavash is another popular flat cracker bread with ancient roots in Armenia.</ref><ref name="Albala">{{cite book|editor=Albala, Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |location=[[Santa Barbara, California]]|isbn=9780313376269|page=5|quote=...on ''lavash'', a traditional flatbread of Armenia similar to tortilla...}}</ref><ref name="Goldstein 1999 https://archive.org/details/tasteofrussia00darr/page/185 185">{{cite book|last=Goldstein|first=Darra|title=A Taste of Russia: A Cookbook of Russian Hospitality|year=1999|publisher=Russian Life Books|location=Montpelier, VT|isbn=9781880100424|page=[https://archive.org/details/tasteofrussia00darr/page/185 185]|edition=2nd|quote=Armenian Flat Bread Lavash: Lavash has been baked for centuries in Armenia.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/tasteofrussia00darr/page/185}}</ref><ref name="Khanam">{{cite book|last= Khanam|first=R.|title= Encycl. Ethnography Of Middle-East And Central Asia (3 Vols. Set)|year= 2005|publisher= Global Vision|location=New Delhi|isbn= 9788182200623|page= 55|edition= 1st|quote= The t'onir is a round hole dug in the ground, which can be used for baking Armenian flat bread (lavash) and for heating the home in winter.}}</ref>  / [[Iran]]<ref name="Karizaki 8–14">{{Cite journal|last=Karizaki|first=Vahid Mohammadpour|date=2017-03-01|title=Ethnic and traditional Iranian breads: different types, and historical and cultural aspects|journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods|volume=4|issue=1|pages=8–14|doi=10.1016/j.jef.2017.01.002|issn=2352-6181|quote=The origin of lavash is most probably from Iran, according to the state of the encyclopedia of Jewish food.|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=marks>{{cite book |last=Marks |first=Gil|author-link=Gil Marks |date=2010 |title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&pg=PT151 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |page=355 |isbn=978-0470391303}}</ref><ref name="Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony">{{cite book|last1=Reinhart|first1=Peter|title=The Bread Baker's Apprentice: Mastering the Art of Extraordinary Bread|date=2011|publisher=Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony|isbn=978-1607741299|page=178|quote="Lavash, though usually called Armenian flatbread, also has Iranian roots (...)"}}</ref>
| region = [[West Asia]]
| served = Hot or cold 
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| ICH         = Lavash, the preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in Armenia
| State Party = Armenia
| ID          = 00985
| Region      = ENA
| Year        = 2014
| Session     = 9th
| List        = Representative
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| ICH         = Flatbread making and sharing culture: Lavash, Katyrma, Jupka, Yufka
| Countries  = [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], and [[Turkey]]
| ID          = 01181
| Year        = 2016
| Session     = 11th
| List        = Representative
}}

'''Lavash''' ({{langx|hy|լավաշ}}; {{Langx|fa|نان لواش}}) is a thin [[flatbread]]<ref>{{cite book|last1= Kipfer| first1= Barbara Ann|author-link1= Barbara Ann Kipfer|title= The Culinarian: A Kitchen Desk Reference|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7xUafQwz2tkC| publisher= Houghton Mifflin Harcourt| publication-date= 2012|page= 334|isbn= 9780544186033|access-date= 2015-06-01|quote= LAVASH, LAVOSH, LAHVOSH, LAWAASH, or LAWASHA, also called ARMENIAN CRACKER BREAD, CRACKER BREAD, or PARAKI, is a round, thin Middle Eastern bread that is soft like a tortilla or hard like a cracker.|date=2012-04-11}}</ref> usually [[leavened]], traditionally baked in a [[tandoor]] (''tonir'' or ''tanoor'') or on a ''[[sajj]]'', and common to the cuisines of [[South Caucasus]], [[West Asia]], and the areas surrounding the [[Caspian Sea]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Alan Davidson|title=The Oxford Companion to Food|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA459|date= 1999|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0192806819 |page=456 |quote=Lavash a thin crisp bread usually made with wheat flour made in a variety of shapes all over the regions of the South Caucasus, Iran (where it is often so thin as to be like tissue and can be almost seen through), and Afghanistan. It is leavened and baked in a tandoor. Lavash is served with kebabs and is used to scoop up food or wrap round food before being eaten. Its origins are ancient and it is also known as lavaş depending on the region. As in the other countries of this region large batches of this bread are made and stored for long periods. In Turkey they are stored on a board suspended by all four corners from the ceiling. The bread becomes dry and is restored by sprinkling with water and reheated as and when needed. Yufka is also a name for [[filo]] pastry.}}</ref><ref name="Marks 2010 - Lavash">{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food |author=Gil Marks |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |year=2010 |page=355}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Morgan|first1=Diane|title=Skinny Dips|date=2010|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1452100241|page=14|quote=Lavash, lavosh, or lahvosh is a gigantic, paper-thin, blistery, tortilla-like flatbread common throughout Armenia, Turkey, and Iran.}}</ref> Lavash is one of the most widespread types of bread in [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]], and [[Turkey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/tastes-memory-lavash-and-armenian-identity-180958673/|title=Tastes of Memory: How to Bake an Authentic Armenian Lavash|work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]}}</ref> The traditional recipe can be adapted to the modern kitchen by using a [[griddle]] or [[wok]] instead of the ''tonir''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saveur.com/story/recipes/lavash/|title=Lavash|date=February 26, 2020}}</ref>

In 2014, "Lavash, the preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in Armenia"<!--Note that the exact quote of the inscription is at the bottom of the cited page; the text of the nomination at the top is different and not what was inscribed--> was inscribed in the [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]].<ref name=unesco>{{cite web|title=Lavash, the preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in Armenia, ''Inscribed in 2014 (9.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity''. Country(ies): Armenia|url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/decisions/9.COM/10.3|website=unesco.org|access-date=16 March 2016|archive-date=March 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317141436/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/decisions/9.COM/10.3}}</ref> In 2016, the making and sharing of flatbread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or [[saj bread|yufka]]) in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], and Turkey was inscribed on the list as well.<ref name=unesco2>{{cite web|title=Flatbread making and sharing culture: Lavash, Katyrma, Jupka, Yufka|url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/flatbread-making-and-sharing-culture-lavash-katyrma-jupka-yufka-01181|website=unesco.org|access-date=1 December 2016|archive-date=1 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201212008/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/flatbread-making-and-sharing-culture-lavash-katyrma-jupka-yufka-01181}}</ref> Lavash is similar to ''yufka'', but in [[Turkish cuisine]] lavash (''lavaş'') is prepared with a yeast dough while ''yufka'' is typically unleavened.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/portal/inceekmekyapmavepaylasmakulturu|title=İNCE EKMEK YAPMA VE PAYLAŞMA KÜLTÜRÜ|website=Kültür Portalı}}</ref>