Editing Lewisite (section)

{{Short description|Arsenic compound and chemical weapon}}
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 440592218
| Name = Lewisite
| ImageFile1 = Lewisite.svg
| ImageSize1 =
| ImageName1 = Lewisite
| ImageFileL2 = Lewisite-calculated-by-MP2-3D-balls.png
| ImageFileR2 = Lewisite-calculated-by-MP2-3D-SF.png
| PIN = [(''E'')-2-Chloroethen-1-yl]arsonous dichloride
| OtherNames = Chlorovinylarsine dichloride<BR />2-Chloroethenyldichloroarsine<BR />(''E'')-2-Chlorovinylarsonous dichloride<BR />(''E'')-2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine<BR />Dichloro((''E'')-2-chlorovinyl)arsine
| Reference = <ref>[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5372798&loc=ec_rcs Lewisite I – Compound Summary], [[PubChem]].</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4522971
| InChI = 1/C2H2AsCl3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h1-2H/b2-1+
| InChIKey = GIKLTQKNOXNBNY-OWOJBTEDBF
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H2AsCl3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h1-2H/b2-1+
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = GIKLTQKNOXNBNY-OWOJBTEDSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 541-25-3
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 82TOY8U2KD
| PubChem = 5372798
| MeSHName = lewisite
| SMILES = Cl[As](Cl)\C=C\Cl
| UNNumber = 2810
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>AsCl<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 207.32{{nbsp}}g/mol
| Density = 1.89{{nbsp}}g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPtC = -18
| BoilingPtC = 190
| Solubility = Reacts with water
| SolubleOther = Ethers, hydrocarbons, THF
| VaporPressure = 0.58{{nbsp}}mmHg (25{{nbsp}}°C)
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = Flammable, highly toxic, corrosive, vesicant
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 1
}}
}}
'''Lewisite''' ('''L''') ('''A-243''') is an [[organoarsenic compound]]. It was once manufactured in the United States, Japan, Germany<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/07/27/national/a-drop-in-the-ocean-the-sea-dumping-of-chemical-weapons-in-okinawa/|title=A drop in the ocean: the sea-dumping of chemical weapons in Okinawa|first=Jon|last=Mitchell|date=27 July 2013|via=Japan Times Online}}</ref> and the Soviet Union<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/russia-completes-destruction-of-first-10-tons-of-lewisite/|title=Russia Completes Destruction of First 10 Tons of Lewisite – Analysis – NTI|website=www.nti.org}}</ref> for use as a [[Chemical warfare|chemical weapon]], acting as a [[vesicant]] (blister agent) and [[lung]] irritant. Although the substance is colorless and odorless in its pure form, impure samples of lewisite are a yellow, brown, violet-black, green, or amber oily liquid with a distinctive odor that has been described as similar to [[Pelargonium|geranium]]s.<ref name=nrc/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = CDC – The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Blister Agent: Lewsite (L) – NIOSH|url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750006.html|website = www.cdc.gov|access-date = 2016-01-14}}</ref><ref name="lewisitechem">{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7092-5_2|title=Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology: Continuation of Residue Reviews|first1=Max|last1=Goldman|first2=Jack C.|last2=Dacre|journal=Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology |editor-first=George W.|editor-last=Ware|date=February 14, 1989|volume=110 |publisher=Springer|pages=75–115|via=Springer Link|doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-7092-5_2|pmid=2692088 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Lewisite is named after the US chemist and soldier [[Winford Lee Lewis]] (1878–1943). Lewisite finds no other applications; a chemist from the United States Army's chemical warfare laboratories said that "no one has ever found any use for the compound".<ref name="whatisitgoodfor">{{Cite book|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/book/10.1021/ba-1959-0023|title=Metal-Organic Compounds|chapter=Chemical Corps Experience in the Manufacture of Lewisite |series=Advances in Chemistry |date=January 1, 1959|publisher=American Chemical Society|volume=23|doi=10.1021/ba-1959-0023.ch031 |last1=Jarman |first1=Gordon N. |pages=328–337 |isbn=978-0-8412-0024-1 }}</ref>