Editing Likud (section)

{{Short description|Major Israeli right-wing political party}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox political party
| logo_size        = 200
| colorcode        = {{party color|Likud}}
| name             = Likud – National Liberal Movement
| native_name      = {{Script/Hebrew|הליכוד – תנועה לאומית ליברלית}}
| logo             = Likud Logo.svg
| chairperson      = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]
| founder          = [[Menachem Begin]]
| merger           = [[Gahal]] ([[Herut]] and [[Liberal Party (Israel)|Liberal Party]]), [[Free Centre]], [[National List]] and [[Movement for Greater Israel]]
| headquarters     = [[Metzudat Ze'ev]]<br />38 [[King George Street (Tel Aviv)|King George Street]]<br />[[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
| youth_wing       = Likud Youth
| membership       = 125,000
| membership_year  = 2012
| foundation       = 1973 (alliance)<br />1988 (unified party)
| ideology         = <!-- Per talk page consensus, conservatism is the main ideology of Likud -->
{{ubl|class=nowrap|
 |[[Conservatism]]<ref>{{bulleted list|{{cite book|first=Bruce|last=Bueno de Mesquita|page=69|title=Principles of International Politics|publisher=SAGE|year=2013}}|{{cite book|page=29|title=Conservative Christians and Political Participation|year=2004|first=Glenn|last=Utter|publisher=ABC-CLIO}}|{{cite book|page=192|first=Karim|last=El-Gendy|title=The Process of Israeli Decision Making|year=2018|publisher=Al-Zaytouna Centre}}|{{cite book |last= Neack |first= Laura |date= 2018 |title= Studying Foreign Policy Comparatively |publisher= Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |page= 43 |isbn= 978-1-5381-0963-2}}|{{cite book |date= 2022 |title= The Middle East: From Transition to Development |publisher= Brill |page= 64 |isbn= 978-90-04-47667-7}}}}</ref>
| [[National conservatism]]{{refn|<ref>{{cite book |last= Watzal |first= Ludwig |date= 1999 |title= Peace Enemies The Past and Present Conflict Between Israel and Palestine |location= |publisher= PASSIA |page= 28 |isbn= }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Grübel |first= Monika |date= 1997 |title= Judaism |location= |publisher= Barron's |page= 191 |isbn= 978-0-7641-0051-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung|title=Israel: Cracks in the Facade|date=23 January 2023|url=https://www.rosalux.de/en/news/id/49835/israel-cracks-in-the-facade|quote=Benjamin Netanyahu’s national-conservative party Likud|access-date=7 December 2023|archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130050418/https://www.rosalux.de/en/news/id/49835/israel-cracks-in-the-facade|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
 |[[Economic liberalism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|title=Israel election: Who are the key candidates?|date=14 March 2015|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31815481|access-date=2022-09-03|archive-date=20 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920143045/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31815481|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |[[Right-wing populism]]<ref>{{bulleted list|{{cite book|title=Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship|page=30|first=Gershon|last=Shafir|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002}}|{{cite book|title=Globalization and Social Movements|page=201|first=Valentine|last=Moghadam|year=2020|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield}}|{{cite book|title=All Together Now|publisher=Biteback Publishing|year=2017|first=Barry|last=Langford|quote=Netanyahu, leader of the right-wing populist party Likud, ran for re-election}}}}</ref>
 |[[Zionism]]<ref name=bbc>{{cite news |title=Guide to Israel's political parties |date=2013-01-21 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-21073450 |work=BBC News |access-date=28 June 2015 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408012543/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-21073450 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |'''Historical:'''
 |[[Liberal conservatism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Experimental Studies of Interactive Decisions|author=Amnon Rapoport|publisher=Kluwer Academic|isbn=978-0-7923-0685-6|year=1990|page=413|quote=Likud is a liberal-conservative party that gains much of its support from the lower and middle classes, and promotes free enterprise, nationalism, and expansionism.}}</ref>  
 |[[Revisionist Zionism]]{{refn|<ref name=nytimes1>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/22/weekinreview/the-world-pursuing-peace-netanyahu-and-his-party-turn-away-from-greater-israel.html |title=The World: Pursuing Peace; Netanyahu and His Party Turn Away from 'Greater Israel' |author=Joel Greenberg |newspaper=The New York Times |date=22 November 1998 |quote=Likud, despite defections, had joined Labor in accepting the inevitability of territorial compromise.... Revolutionary as it may seem, Likud's abandonment of its maximalist vision has in fact been evolving for years. |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=14 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214111910/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/22/weekinreview/the-world-pursuing-peace-netanyahu-and-his-party-turn-away-from-greater-israel.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=nytimes2>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/21/world/middleeast/21netanyahu.html |title=Netanyahu, Once Hawkish, Now Touts Pragmatism |author=Ethan Bronner |author-link=Ethan Bronner |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 February 2009 |quote=Likud as a party has made a major transformation in the last 15 years from being rigidly committed to retaining all the land of Israel to looking pragmatically at how to retain for Israel defensible borders in a very uncertain Middle East.... |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=19 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519090325/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/21/world/middleeast/21netanyahu.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
}}
| position         = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]{{refn|<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" />}}
| european         = [[European Conservatives and Reformists Party]] (global partner)<ref>[http://www.acreurope.eu/about_us/member_parties-Israel#parties Member parties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012044529/http://www.acreurope.eu/about_us/member_parties-Israel#parties |date=12 October 2017 }} European Conservatives and Reformists Party</ref><br>[[Patriots.eu]] (observer)<ref>{{cite web |title="Ist uns bewusst" – FPÖ-Chef Kickl teilt jetzt aus |url=https://www.heute.at/s/ist-uns-bewusst-fpoe-chef-kickl-teilt-jetzt-aus-120089620 |website=heute.at |access-date=8 February 2024 |date=8 February 2024|lang=de-AT}}</ref>
| international    = [[International Democracy Union]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Democracy Union |date=2018-02-01 |title=Members {{!}} International Democracy Union Member Parties |url=https://www.idu.org/members/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
| seats1_title     = [[Knesset]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|32|120|hex={{party color|Likud}}}}
| seats2_title     = Most MKs
| seats2           = {{nowrap|48 (1981)}}
| colours          = {{Color box|{{party color|Likud}}|border=darkgray}} [[Blue]]
| symbol           = {{Script/Hebrew|מחל}}<br />{{Script/Arabic|م‌ح‌ل}}<br /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bechirot24.bechirot.gov.il/election/Candidates/Pages/OneListCandidates.aspx?LPF=Search&WebId=6adadc15-e476-480b-9746-04490aedeb0f&ListID=ba72a662-765c-45af-9d48-fb68080956af&ItemID=218&FieldID=ListNickname_GxS_Text|title=הליכוד בהנהגת בנימין נתניהו לראשות הממשלה|website=Central Election Committee for the Knesset|access-date=2021-06-14|archive-date=1 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601013028/https://bechirot24.bechirot.gov.il/election/Candidates/Pages/OneListCandidates.aspx?LPF=Search&WebId=6adadc15-e476-480b-9746-04490aedeb0f&ListID=ba72a662-765c-45af-9d48-fb68080956af&ItemID=218&FieldID=ListNickname_GxS_Text|url-status=live}}</ref>
| flag             = Flag of the Likud.svg
| website          = {{Official URL}}
| country          = Israel
}}

'''Likud''' ({{langx|he|הַלִּיכּוּד|HaLikud}}, {{lit|The Consolidation}}), officially known as '''Likud – National Liberal Movement''' ({{langx|he|הַלִּיכּוּד – תנועה לאומית ליברלית|HaLikud – Tnu'ah Leumit Liberalit}}), is a major [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]]<ref name=":1">{{cite book|last=Karsh|first=Efraim|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|title=Israel: The First Hundred Years: Politics and Society since 1948|volume=3|isbn=978-1-135-26278-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZzcAAAAQBAJ|page=141|access-date=3 September 2022|archive-date=28 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128105239/https://books.google.com/books?id=kZzcAAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Likud|title=Likud – political party, Israel|website=Britannica.com|access-date=5 November 2017|archive-date=26 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826125412/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Likud|url-status=live}}|{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-21073450|title=Guide to Israel's political parties|date=4 November 2017|website=Bbc.com|access-date=5 November 2017|archive-date=8 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408013953/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-21073450|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite news |author=Ishaan Tharoor |date=14 March 2015 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/13/these-are-the-political-parties-battling-for-israels-future/ |title=A guide to the political parties battling for Israel's future |access-date=28 June 2015 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701053730/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/13/these-are-the-political-parties-battling-for-israels-future/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite news |date=28 December 2022 |newspaper=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/israel-new-netanyahu-government-vows-to-expand-settlements/a-64228466 |title=Israel: New Netanyahu government vows to expand settlements |access-date=19 March 2023 |quote=Benjamin Netanyahu's right-wing Likud Party announced its key policy priorities for the new Israeli government on Wednesday, with settlement expansion at the top of the list. |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310182844/https://www.dw.com/en/israel-new-netanyahu-government-vows-to-expand-settlements/a-64228466 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |date=13 December 2022 |newspaper=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/13/israel-elects-knesset-speaker |title=Israel chooses Knesset speaker as forming new government looms |access-date=19 March 2023 |quote=Yariv Levin, a senior member of Netanyahu's right-wing Likud party, was chosen on Tuesday to replace Mickey Levy. |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329133410/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/13/israel-elects-knesset-speaker |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":11">{{cite news |date=29 December 2022 |newspaper=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/01/middleeast/benjamin-netanyahu-fast-facts |title=Benjamin Netanyahu Fast Facts |access-date=19 March 2023 |quote=Leader of the right-wing Likud Party. |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317174903/https://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/01/world/meast/benjamin-netanyahu---fast-facts/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite news |date=2 November 2022 |newspaper=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/11/02/1133516979/israel-election-results-netanyahu |title=With most votes now counted, Netanyahu seems poised to return as Israel's leader |access-date=19 March 2023 |quote=His right-wing Likud Party is the clear frontrunner. His main ally, the far-right Religious Zionism party, made historic gains in Tuesday's vote, |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102211401/https://www.npr.org/2022/11/02/1133516979/israel-election-results-netanyahu |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":14">{{cite news |date=9 December 2020 |newspaper=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/israel-election-idUKKBN28I2TJ |title=Senior member of Netanyahu's party breaks away as Israeli election beckons |access-date=19 March 2023 |quote=A prominent rival of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the right-wing Likud party announced on Tuesday a breakaway bid aimed at defeating the Israeli leader in a looming early national election., |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329135102/https://www.reuters.com/article/israel-election-idUKKBN28I2TJ |url-status=live }}</ref> political party in [[Israel]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Galanti |first1=S. B.-R. |last2=Aaronson |first2=W. E. |last3=Schnell |first3=I. |date=2001 |title=Power and changes in the balance between ideology and pragmatism in the right wing Likud Party |journal=[[GeoJournal]] |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=263–272 |doi=10.1023/A:1019585912714 |jstor=41147612|bibcode=2001GeoJo..53..263B |s2cid=146442369  | issn=0343-2521}}</ref><ref name=Cambridge>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TffrTUyCD6QC&pg=PA304 |title=The Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture |editor-last1=Baskin |editor-first1=Judith Reesa |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |page=304 |quote=To overcome Labor Party dominance, the bulk of center-right parties formed Likud.... In the early twenty-first century, Likud remains a major factor in the center-right political bloc. |isbn=978-0-521-82597-9 |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128105245/https://books.google.com/books?id=TffrTUyCD6QC&pg=PA304 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buyrxARN_H0C&q=likud|title=A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=2013|editor=David Seddon|isbn=978-1-135-35561-6|quote=Likud is centre-right, strongly nationalistic and assertive in foreign policy.|access-date=19 March 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420090011/https://books.google.com/books?id=buyrxARN_H0C&q=likud|url-status=live}}</ref> It was founded in 1973 by [[Menachem Begin]] and [[Ariel Sharon]] in an alliance with several right-wing parties. Likud's landslide victory in the [[1977 Israeli legislative election|1977 elections]] was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had lost power. In addition, it was the first time in Israel that a right-wing party received the most votes.<ref name=bsisu12>{{cite journal |last=Bsisu |first=Naji |title=Israeli Domestic Politics and the War in Lebanon |journal=Lights: The MESSA Journal |date=Spring 2012 |publisher=University of Chicago |volume=1 |issue=3 |url=http://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/messa/files/2012/07/Lights-S2012-Template-FINAL.pdf#page=34 |pages=29-38 <!-- of the magazine, not the PDF --> |access-date=23 March 2013 |archive-date=1 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801112214/http://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/messa/files/2012/07/Lights-S2012-Template-FINAL.pdf#page=34 |url-status=live }}</ref> After ruling the country for most of the 1980s, the party lost the [[1992 Israeli legislative election|Knesset election in 1992]]. Likud's candidate [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] won the vote for [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[1996 Israeli prime ministerial election|1996]] and was given the task of forming a government after the [[1996 Israeli legislative election|1996 elections]] following [[Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin|Yitzak Rabin's assassination]]. Netanyahu's government fell apart after a vote of no confidence, which led to elections being called in [[1999 Israeli general election|1999]] and Likud losing power to the [[One Israel]] coalition led by [[Ehud Barak]].

In 2001 Likud's [[Ariel Sharon]], who replaced Netanyahu following the 1999 election, defeated Barak in an [[2001 Israeli prime ministerial election|election]] called by the prime minister following his resignation. After the party recorded a convincing win in the [[2003 Israeli legislative election|2003 elections]], Likud saw a major split in 2005 when Sharon left to form the [[Kadima]] party. This resulted in Likud slumping to fourth place in the [[2006 Israeli legislative election|2006 elections]] and losing 28 seats in the Knesset. Following the [[2009 Israeli legislative election|2009 elections]], Likud was able to gain 15 seats, and, with Netanyahu back in control of the party, formed a coalition with fellow right-wing parties [[Yisrael Beiteinu]] and [[Shas]] to take control of the government from Kadima, which earned a plurality, but not a majority. Netanyahu served as prime minister from then until 2021. Likud had been the leading vote-getter in each subsequent election until [[April 2019 Israeli legislative election|April 2019]], when Likud tied with [[Blue and White (political alliance)|Blue and White]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2019/04/10/israeli-elections-results-likud-tied-with-blue-and-white-but-right-wing-bloc-remains-larger-handing-netanyahu-the-victory/|title=Israeli Elections Results: Likud Tied With Blue and White, But Right-Wing Bloc Remains Larger, Handing Netanyahu the Victory|work=[[Algemeiner Journal]]|access-date=24 September 2019|author=Benjamin Kerstein|date=10 April 2019|archive-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925042514/https://www.algemeiner.com/2019/04/10/israeli-elections-results-likud-tied-with-blue-and-white-but-right-wing-bloc-remains-larger-handing-netanyahu-the-victory/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[September 2019 Israeli legislative election|September 2019]], when Blue and White won one more seat than the Likud.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/likud-wins-extra-seat-at-expense-of-utj-after-election-committee-adjusts-results/|title=Likud wins extra seat at expense of UTJ as election committee adjusts results|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=24 September 2019|author=Staff writer|author-link=Staff writer|date=24 September 2019|archive-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925042504/https://www.timesofisrael.com/likud-wins-extra-seat-at-expense-of-utj-after-election-committee-adjusts-results/|url-status=live}}</ref> Likud won the most seats at the [[2020 Israeli legislative election|2020]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Final Election Results: Netanyahu Bloc Short of Majority With 58 Seats |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/2020-03-06/ty-article/.premium/israel-election-2020-netanyahu-gantz/0000017f-e288-d38f-a57f-e6da17510000 |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324180845/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/2020-03-06/ty-article/.premium/israel-election-2020-netanyahu-gantz/0000017f-e288-d38f-a57f-e6da17510000 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[2021 Israeli legislative election|2021]] elections, but Netanyahu was removed from power in June 2021 by an unprecedented coalition led by [[Yair Lapid]] and [[Naftali Bennett]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-06-13 |title=Netanyahu: A shrewd leader who reshaped Israel |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57306615 |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217200846/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57306615 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-31 |title=Naftali Bennett: The rise of Israel's new PM |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-56969598 |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210723211949/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-56969598 |url-status=live }}</ref> He subsequently returned to the office of prime minister after winning the [[2022 Israeli legislative election|2022 election]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Dan |date=2022-12-29 |title=Israel's Netanyahu returns with hard-right cabinet set to expand settlements |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/netanyahu-set-retake-power-head-far-right-government-2022-12-29/ |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217200844/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/netanyahu-set-retake-power-head-far-right-government-2022-12-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A member of the party is called a [[wikt:Likudnik|Likudnik]] ({{langx|he|לִכּוּדְנִיק}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.morfix.co.il/%D7%9C%D6%B4%D7%9B%D6%BC%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%93%D6%B0%D7%A0%D6%B4%D7%99%D7%A7 |title=Likudnik |publisher=Milon Morfix |access-date=25 April 2010 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017073629/http://www.morfix.co.il/%D7%9C%D6%B4%D7%9B%D6%BC%D7%95%D6%BC%D7%93%D6%B0%D7%A0%D6%B4%D7%99%D7%A7 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the party's election symbol is {{lang|he|מחל}} ({{langx|ar|م&zwnj;ح&zwnj;ل}}), reflecting the party's origins as an [[electoral list]] of several pre-existing parties, including those who used the symbols <span dir="ltr">{{lang|he|מ}}, {{lang|he|ח}} and {{lang|he|ל}}.</span><ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-faction-is-not-a-party-part-2/ |title=A Faction Is Not a Party – Part 2 |first=Daniel |last=Sterman |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=22 February 2019 |access-date=6 March 2024 }}</ref>