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Lin Biao
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{{Short description|Chinese marshal and politician (1907–1971)}} {{About|the Marshal of the People's Republic of China|the politician of the Republic of China|Lin Biao (born 1889)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Family name hatnote|[[Lin (surname)|Lin]]|lang=Chinese}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[Yuan shuai|Marshal]] | name = Lin Biao | native_name = {{nobold|林彪}} | native_name_lang = zh | image name = Lin Biao.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 1955 | office1 = [[Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party]] | term_start1 = 25 May 1958 | term_end1 = 13 September 1971 | 1blankname1 = Chairman | 1namedata1 = [[Mao Zedong]] | office3 = [[Vice Premier of China]] | term_start3 = 15 September 1954 | term_end3 = 13 September 1971 | premier3 = [[Zhou Enlai]] | office4 = 2nd [[Minister of National Defense (China)|Minister of National Defense]] | term_start4 = 17 September 1959 | term_end4 = 13 September 1971 | premier4 = Zhou Enlai | predecessor4 = [[Peng Dehuai]] | successor4 = [[Ye Jianying]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1907|12|5|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Huanggang, Hubei]], [[Qing Dynasty|Qing Empire]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1971|9|13|1907|12|5|df=y}} | death_place = [[Öndörkhaan]], [[Mongolian People's Republic]] | party = [[Chinese Communist Party]] (1927–1971) | spouse = {{illm|Zhang Mei (born 1919)|lt=Zhang Mei|vertical-align=sup|zh|张梅}} (1937–42)<br />[[Ye Qun]] (1942–71) | children = {{illm|Lin Xiaolin|vertical-align=sup|zh|林晓霖}} (daughter)<br />[[Lin Liguo]] (son)<br />[[Lin Liheng]] (daughter) | mawards = {{Indented plainlist|*[[Order of Bayi]] (first class) *[[Order of Independence and Freedom]] (first class) *[[Order of Liberation (China)|Order of Liberation]] (first class)}} | alma_mater = [[Whampoa Military Academy]] | allegiance = [[People's Republic of China]] | nickname = {{Indented plainlist|*Chief Lin ({{lang-zh|s=林总|p=Lín zǒng|labels=no}}) *"The Eagle of the Red Army" ({{lang-zh|s=红军之鹰|p=Hóng jūn zhī yīng|labels=no}}) *101 ([[military call sign]])}} | serviceyears = 1925–1971 | branch = {{Indented plainlist|*[[People's Liberation Army Ground Force]] *[[Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army]] *[[National Revolutionary Army]]}} | rank = {{Indented plainlist|*[[Marshal of the People's Republic of China]] *[[Lieutenant general]] (NRA)}} | commands = {{Indented plainlist|*1st Corps *[[1st Red Army Corps]], [[Chinese Red Army]] *115 Division, [[8th Route Army]] *[[People's Liberation Army]]}} | signature = | birth_name = Lin Yurong }} {{Infobox Chinese | pic = Lin Biao (Chinese characters).svg | piccap = "Lin Biao" in [[kaishu|regular]] Chinese characters | picupright = 0.45 | c = {{linktext|lang=zh|林|彪}} | p = Lín Biāo | w = Lin<sup>2</sup> Piao<sup>1</sup> | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|l|in|2|-|b|iao|1}} | j = Lam<sup>4</sup> Biu<sup>1</sup> | y = Làhm Bīu | ci = {{IPAc-yue|l|am|4|-|b|iu|1}} | poj = Lîm Piu }} '''Lin Biao''' ({{lang-zh|林彪}}; 5 December 1907 – 13 September 1971) was a Chinese politician and [[Marshal of the People's Republic of China]] who was pivotal in the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist]] [[Chinese Communist Revolution|victory]] during the [[Chinese Civil War]], especially in [[Northeast China]] from 1946 to 1949. Lin was the general who commanded the decisive [[Liaoshen campaign|Liaoshen]] and [[Pingjin campaign]]s, in which he co-led the Manchurian Field Army to victory and led the [[People's Liberation Army]] into Beijing. He crossed the [[Yangtze|Yangtze River]] in 1949, decisively defeated the [[Kuomintang]] and took control of the coastal provinces in [[Southeast China]]. He ranked third among the [[Yuan shuai#People's Republic of China|Ten Marshals]]. [[Zhu De]] and [[Peng Dehuai]] were considered senior to Lin, and Lin ranked directly ahead of [[He Long]] and [[Liu Bocheng]]. Lin abstained from taking an active role in politics after the war ceased in 1949. He led a section of the government's civil bureaucracy as one of the co-serving [[Vice Premier of China|Vice Premiers]] of the [[People's Republic of China]] from 1954 onwards, becoming First Vice Premier from 1964. Lin became more active in politics when named one of the co-serving [[Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party|Vice Chairmen]] of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] in 1958. He held the three responsibilities of Vice Premier, Vice Chairman and [[Minister of National Defense (China)|Minister of National Defense]] from 1959 onwards. To date, Lin is the longest serving Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China. Lin became instrumental in creating the foundations for [[Mao Zedong's cult of personality]] in the early 1960s, and was rewarded for his service in the [[Cultural Revolution]] by being named [[Mao]]'s designated successor as the sole Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, from 1966 until his death. Lin died on 13 September 1971, when a [[Hawker Siddeley Trident]] he was aboard crashed in [[Öndörkhaan]] in [[Mongolian People's Republic|Mongolia]]. The exact events of this "[[Lin Biao incident]]" have been a source of speculation ever since. The Chinese government's official explanation is that Lin and his family attempted to flee following a [[Project 571 Outline|botched coup]] against Mao. Others have argued that they fled out of fear they would be purged, as Lin's relationship with other Communist Party leaders had soured in the final few years of his life. Following Lin's death, he was officially condemned as a traitor by the Communist Party. Since the late 1970s, Lin and the wife of Mao, [[Jiang Qing]], have been labeled the two major "counter-revolutionary forces" of the Cultural Revolution, receiving official blame from the Chinese government for the worst excesses of that period.
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