Editing Ljubljana (section)

{{Short description|Capital and largest city of Slovenia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Ljubljana
| official_name      = 
| settlement_type    = [[Capital city]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/1
| total_width              = 260
| align                    = center
| caption_align            = center
| image1                   = View on Ljubljana from Nebotičnik Tower (38458386985).jpg
| caption1                 = View of the city from [[Nebotičnik]]
| image2                   = Ljubljana Robba fountain (23665322093).jpg
| caption2                 = [[Ljubljana Town Hall|Town Hall]]
| image3                   = LOpéra-Ballet (Ljubljana) (9408363203).jpg
| caption3                 = [[Ljubljana Opera House|Opera House]]
| image4                   = Dragon on the Dragon Bridge in Ljubljana-3906673.jpg
| caption4                 = [[Dragon Bridge (Ljubljana)|Dragon Bridge]] 
| image5                   = Ljubljana (36048969485).jpg
| caption5                 = [[University of Ljubljana]]
| image6                   = Le Château de Ljubljana et la place du Congrès (9413277819).jpg
| caption6                 = [[Congress Square]]
}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Ljubljana.svg
| image_shield       = Blason ville si Ljubljana (Slovénie).svg
| map_caption        = Interactive map of Ljubljana
| image_map = {{maplink
  | frame            = yes
  | plain            = yes
  | frame-align      = center
  | frame-width      = 290
  | frame-height     = 290
  | frame-coord      = {{coord|qid=Q437}}
  | zoom             = 11
  | type             = shape
  | marker           = city
  | stroke-width     = 2
  | stroke-color     = #0096FF
  | fill             = #0096FF
  | id2              = Q437
  | type2            = shape-inverse
  | stroke-width2    = 2
  | stroke-color2    = #5F5F5F
  | stroke-opacity2  = 0
  | fill2           = #000000
  | fill-opacity2    = 0
}}
| mapsize            = 230px 
| pushpin_map        = Slovenia#Europe
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|46|03|05|N|14|30|22|E|region:SI_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Slovenia}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Municipalities of Slovenia|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[City Municipality of Ljubljana]]
| established_title  = First mention
| established_date   = 1112–1125
| established_title1 = Town privileges
| established_date1  = 1220–1243
| established_title2 = Roman Catholic diocese
| established_date2  = 6 December 1461
| parts_type         = Subdivisions
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Ljubljana|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Zoran Janković (politician)|Zoran Janković]]
| leader_party       = {{nowrap|[[Zoran Janković List]]}}
| area_total_km2     = 163.8<ref name="SURS">{{cite web |title=Naselje Ljubljana |url=https://www.stat.si/krajevnaimena/Settlements/Details/2370 |website=Krajevna imena |publisher=Statistični urad Republike Slovenije |access-date=6 August 2024}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi   = 63.2<ref name="SURS"/>
| area_metro_km2     = 2334
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="YB2002">{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.si/letopis/2002/01_02/01-06-02.asp?jezik=en |title=Nadmorska višina naselij, kjer so sedeži občin |language=sl, en |trans-title=Height above sea level of seats of municipalities |year=2002 |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524220943/http://www.stat.si/letopis/2002/01_02/01-06-02.asp?jezik=en |archive-date=24 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 295
| elevation_ft       = 968
| population_total   = 288,382
| population_as_of   = 2024
| population_footnotes = <ref name="SURS-LJ-LJ">{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.si/krajevnaimena/Settlements/Details/2370 |title=Naselje Ljubljana |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |access-date=6 October 2024 |work=Krajevna imena }}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 1712
| population_metro   = 537,893<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rralur.si/sl/regija/osebna-izkaznica |title=Osebna izkaznica – RRA LUR |work=rralur.si |access-date=14 October 2016 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327154601/http://www.rralur.si/sl/regija/osebna-izkaznica |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_demonym = 
| postal_code_type   = Postal codes
| postal_code        = 1000–1211, 1231, 1260, 1261<ref>[http://www.postnestevilke.com/postne-stevilke-1000-1434.php Zip Codes in Slovenia from 1000 to 1434 (in Slovene)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414180947/http://www.postnestevilke.com/postne-stevilke-1000-1434.php |date=14 April 2019 }} Acquired on 28 April 2015.</ref>
| area_code          = 01 (+386 1 if calling from abroad)
| website            = {{URL|www.ljubljana.si}}
| footnotes          = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|Official_name=The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design
  |child = yes
  |ID = 1643bis
  |Year = 2021
  |Criteria = Cultural: iv
  |Area = 19.138 ha
  |Buffer_zone = 
  }}
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| blank_name         = [[Vehicle registration plates of Slovenia|Vehicle Registration]]
| blank_info         = LJ
| subdivision_type2  = [[Statistical regions of Slovenia|Statistical region]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Central Slovenia Statistical Region|Central Slovenia]]
}}
[[File:Lublana.jpg|thumb|Ljubljana by night from a bird's eye view]]
{{Quote box
| title=Historical affiliations
| quote={{flagicon image|Wappen Erzbistum Salzburg.png}} [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg|Archbishop of Salzburg]] (1112–1555)<br />
{{Flag|Habsburg Monarchy|[[Duchy of Styria]]}} (1555–1804)<br />
{{Flag|Austrian Empire}} (1804–1809)<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg}} [[Illyrian Provinces]] (1809–1814; <small>capital</small>)<br />
{{Flag|Austrian Empire}} (1814–1867)<br />
{{Flag|Austria-Hungary}} (1867–1918)<br />
{{flag|State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs}} (1918)<br />
{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}{{efn|Known as: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)}} (1918–1941)<br />
{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}} (1941–1945; <small>annexed</small>)<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg}} [[Nazi Germany]] (1943–1945; <small>de facto</small>)<br />
{{flag|SFR Yugoslavia}}{{efn|Known as: Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)}} (1945–1991)<br />
{{flag|Slovenia}} (1991–present; <small>capital</small>)
| align=right
| width=24em
| fontsize=86%
| bgcolor=#B0C4DE
}}

'''Ljubljana'''{{efn|Pronunciation:
* {{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|lj|uː|b|ˈ|l|j|ɑː|n|ə|,_|ˌ|l|ʊ|b|l|i|ˈ|ɑː|n|ə}} {{respell|lewb|LYAH|nə|,_|LUUB|lee|AH|nə}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Ljubljana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409145038/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Ljubljana |archive-date=2022-04-09 |title=Ljubljana |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref name="Collins">{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ljubljana |title=Ljubljana |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |access-date=21 July 2019 |archive-date=21 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721192759/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ljubljana |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Longman">{{cite web |url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/ljubljana |title=Ljubljana |work=[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]] |publisher=[[Longman]] |access-date=4 September 2019 |archive-date=4 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904163214/https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/ljubljana |url-status=live }}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|lj|uː|b|l|i|ˈ|ɑː|n|ə|,_|l|i|ˌ|uː|-}} {{respell|LEW|blee|AH|nə|,_|lee|OO|-}};<ref name="Collins" /><ref name="Longman" /><ref>{{cite American Heritage Dictionary|Ljubljana |access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref>
* {{IPA|sl|ljuˈbljàːna|lang|Ljubljana.ogg|small=no}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/SP/neva.exe?name=sp&expression=Ljubljana&hs=1 |title=Slovenski pravopis 2001 - Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU in Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti - izid poizvedbe |website=bos.zrc-sazu.si |access-date=22 December 2014 |archive-date=24 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224074949/http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/SP/neva.exe?name=sp&expression=Ljubljana&hs=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{IPA|sl|luˈblàːna|label=locally also|small=no}}.}} (also known by other [[#Name|historical names]]<!-- Please maintain the naming conventions [[WP:PLACE#General_guidelines]]#2.The lead and [[WP:ALTNAME#Separate_section_usage]] and don't add alternative English or unofficial foreign names here-->) is the [[Capital city|capital]] and [[List of cities and towns in Slovenia|largest city]] of [[Slovenia]],<ref name="Portrait20102">{{cite journal |last=Vuk Dirnberk |first=Vojka |author2=Tomaž Valantič |title=Statistični portret Slovenije v EU 2010 |trans-title=Statistical Portrait of Slovenia in the EU 2010 |url=http://www.stat.si/doc/pub/PortretSlovenijaEU2010.pdf |journal=Statistični Portret Slovenije V Eu ...=Statistical Portrait of Slovenia in the Eu |language=sl, en |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |issn=1854-5734 |access-date=2 February 2011 |archive-date=16 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016173725/http://www.stat.si/doc/pub/PortretSlovenijaEU2010.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GV52-22">{{Cite news |last1=Zavodnik Lamovšek|first1=Alma|last2=Drobne|first2=Samo|last3=Žaucer|first3=Tadej |year=2008 |title=Small and Medium-Size Towns as the Basis of Polycentric Urban Development |volume=52 |page=303 |journal=Geodetski Vestnik |publisher=Association of Surveyors of Slovenia |issue=2 |url=http://www.geodetski-vestnik.com/52/2/gv52-2_290-312.pdf |issn=0351-0271 |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-date=14 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014100114/http://www.geodetski-vestnik.com/52/2/gv52-2_290-312.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> located along a trade route between the northern [[Adriatic Sea]] and the [[Danube]] region,<ref name="Mehle Mihovec">{{cite web |last=Mehle Mihovec |first=Barbka |date=19 March 2008 |title=Kje so naše meje? |trans-title=Where are our borders? |url=http://www.gorenjskiglas.si/novice/priloga_moja_gorenjska/index.php?action=clanek&id=18737 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531165835/http://www.gorenjskiglas.si/novice/priloga_moja_gorenjska/index.php?action=clanek&id=18737 |archive-date=31 May 2008 |access-date=7 August 2009 |work=Gorenjski glas |language=sl}}</ref> north of [[Ljubljana Marsh|the country's largest marsh]], inhabited since prehistoric times. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center and the seat of the [[Urban Municipality of Ljubljana]].

During antiquity, a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] city called [[Emona]] stood in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emona, Legacy of a Roman City – Culture of Slovenia |url=http://www.culture.si/en/Emona,_Legacy_of_a_Roman_City |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717062836/https://www.culture.si/en/Emona,_Legacy_of_a_Roman_City |archive-date=17 July 2019 |access-date=2016-04-13 |website=www.culture.si}}</ref> The city was first mentioned in the first half of the [[12th century]]. It was the historical capital of [[Carniola]],<ref name="Mehle Mihovec"/> one of the [[Slovenes|Slovene]]-inhabited parts of the [[Habsburg monarchy]].<ref name="Portrait20102" /> It was under [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] rule from the Middle Ages until the dissolution of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] Empire in 1918. After [[World War II]], Ljubljana became the capital of the [[Socialist Republic of Slovenia]], part of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. The city retained this status until Slovenia became independent in 1991 and Ljubljana became the capital of the newly formed state.<ref name="STAT112">{{cite book |title=Statistični letopis 2011 |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |year=2011 |volume=15 |page=108 |trans-title=Statistical Yearbook 2011 |chapter=Volitve |trans-chapter=Elections |issn=1318-5403 |chapter-url=http://www.stat.si/letopis/2011/05_11/05-11-11.htm |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=26 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826065022/http://www.stat.si/letopis/2011/05_11/05-11-11.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>