Editing Location-based service (section)

{{short description|General class of computer program-level services that use location data to control features}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Confusing|date=November 2019}}
{{COI|date=November 2019}}

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'''Location-based service''' ('''LBS''') is a general term denoting software [[service (economics)|services]] which use [[geographic data and information]] to provide services or information to users.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Schiller|first1=Jochen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wj19b5wVfXAC&q=location+based+services&pg=PA1|title=Location-Based Services|last2=Voisard|first2=Agnès|date=2004-05-21|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-049172-1|page=9|language=en}}</ref> LBS can be used in a variety of contexts, such as health, indoor [[object detection|object search]],<ref>B. Guo, S. Satake, M. Imai. [http://www.ayu.ics.keio.ac.jp/members/bingo/pic/research/sixth-sense/homeexplorer-j-guo.pdf Home-Explorer: Ontology-based Physical Artifact Search and Hidden Object Detection System] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904201210/http://www.ayu.ics.keio.ac.jp/members/bingo/pic/research/sixth-sense/homeexplorer-j-guo.pdf|date=2011-09-04}}. Mobile Information Systems, Vol. 4 No.2 (2008), 81–103, IOS Press, 2008.</ref> entertainment,<ref>{{cite journal|author1=B. Guo|author2=R. Fujimura|author3=D. Zhang|author4=M. Imai|year=2011|title=Design-in-Play: Improving the Variability of Indoor Pervasive Games|journal=Multimedia Tools and Applications|volume=59|pages=259–277|doi=10.1007/s11042-010-0711-z|s2cid=9008319}}</ref> work, personal life, etc.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Deuker|first=André|year=2008|title=Del 11.2: Mobility and LBS|url=http://www.fidis.net/resources/deliverables/mobility-and-identity/|journal=FIDIS Deliverables|volume=11|issue=2}}</ref> Commonly used examples of location-based services include navigation software, [[social networking services]], [[location-based advertising]], and [[tracking systems]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gartner|first1=Georg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKcxBQAAQBAJ&q=location+based+services&pg=PA274|title=Progress in Location-Based Services 2014|last2=Huang|first2=Haosheng|date=2014-11-05|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-11879-6|page=274|language=en}}</ref> LBS can also include [[mobile commerce]] when taking the form of coupons or advertising directed at customers based on their current location. LBS also includes personalized weather services and even location-based games.

LBS is critical to many businesses as well as government organizations to drive real insight from data tied to a specific location where activities take place. The spatial patterns that location-related data and services can provide is one of its most powerful and useful aspects where location is a common denominator in all of these activities and can be leveraged to better understand patterns and relationships. Banking, surveillance, [[online commerce]], and many weapon systems are dependent on LBS.

[[Access policy|Access policies]] are controlled by [[location (geography)|location]] data or time-of-day constraints, or a combination thereof. As such, an LBS is an information service and has a number of uses in [[social networking]] today as information, in entertainment or security, which is accessible with [[mobile device]]s through the [[mobile network]] and which uses information on the geographical position of the mobile device.<ref name="qr10">{{cite conference|url=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~dq209/publications/recommending10quercia.pdf |conference=2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining|doi=10.1109/ICDM.2010.152|title=Recommending Social Events from Mobile Phone Location Data|year=2010|last1=Quercia|first1=Daniele|last2=Lathia|first2=Neal|last3=Calabrese|first3=Francesco|last4=Di Lorenzo|first4=Giusy|last5=Crowcroft|first5=Jon|isbn=978-1-4244-9131-5|pages=971}}</ref><ref name="sst">[http://sourceforge.net/projects/jump-pilot/files/w_other_freegis_documents/articles/lbs_lecturenotes_steinigeretal2006.pdf/download "Foundations of Location Based Services"], Stefan Steiniger, Moritz Neun and Alistair Edwardes, [[University of Zurich]]</ref><ref>[http://www.gsmworld.com/documents/se23.pdf "Permanent Reference Document SE.23: Location Based Services"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231095124/http://gsmworld.com/documents/se23.pdf |date=2009-12-31 }}, [[GSM Association]]</ref><ref name="shuwang">{{cite journal|url=http://to.swang.googlepages.com/ICC2008LBSforMobilessimplifiedR2.pdf|title=Location Based Services for Mobiles: Technologies and Standards|author1=Shu Wang, Jungwon Min|author2=Byung K. Yi|name-list-style=amp|journal=IEEE International Conference on Communication (ICC) 2008, Beijing, China}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

This concept of location-based systems is not compliant with the standardized concept of [[real-time locating system]]s (RTLS) and related local services, as noted in ISO/IEC 19762-5<ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/en/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=50718&ICS1=35&ICS2=40 ISO/IEC 19762-5] Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques – Harmonized vocabulary – Part 5: Locating systems</ref> and ISO/IEC 24730-1.<ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38840 ISO/IEC 24730-1] Information technology – Real-time locating systems (RTLS) – Part 1: Application program interface (API)</ref>  While networked computing devices generally do very well to inform consumers of days old data, the computing devices themselves can also be tracked, even in real-time. LBS privacy issues arise in that context, and are documented below.