Editing Loratadine (section)

{{Short description|Antihistamine medication}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}}
{{Infobox drug
| Verifiedfields     = changed
| verifiedrevid      = 408580634
| image              = Loratadine.svg
| image_class        = skin-invert-image
| width              =
| alt                =
| image2             = Loratadine - 3d, portrait orientation.png
| image_class2       = bg-transparent
| width2             =
| alt2               =
| caption            =

<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce          =
| tradename          = Claritin, Claratyne, Clarityn, others
| Drugs.com          = {{drugs.com|monograph|loratadine}}
| MedlinePlus        = a697038
| DailyMedID         = Loratadine
| pregnancy_AU       = B1
| pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy"/>
| pregnancy_category =
| routes_of_administration = [[By mouth]]
| class              = [[Second-generation antihistamine]]
| ATC_prefix         = R06
| ATC_suffix         = AX13
| ATC_supplemental   =

<!-- Legal status -->
| legal_AU           = OTC
| legal_AU_comment   =
| legal_BR           = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F-->
| legal_BR_comment   =
| legal_CA           = OTC
| legal_CA_comment   = <ref>{{cite web | title=Claritin Allergy Product information | website=Health Canada | date=25 April 2012 | url=https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info.do?lang=en&code=10533 | access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref>
| legal_DE           = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled-->
| legal_DE_comment   =
| legal_NZ           = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment   =
| legal_UK           = GSL
| legal_UK_comment   = /&nbsp;Pharmacy<ref>{{cite web | title=Clarityn Allergy 10mg Tablets (P & GSL) - Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) | website=(emc) | date=30 August 2019 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/8999/ | access-date=10 April 2020 | archive-date=10 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410211508/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/8999/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| legal_US           = OTC
| legal_US_comment   = /&nbsp;Rx-only
| legal_UN           = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->
| legal_UN_comment   =
| legal_status       = <!--For countries not listed above-->

<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability    = almost 100%
| protein_bound      = 97–99%
| metabolism         = [[Liver]] ([[CYP2D6]]- and [[CYP3A4|3A4]]-mediated)
| metabolites        =
| onset              =
| elimination_half-life = 8 hours, active metabolite [[desloratadine]] 27 hours
| duration_of_action =
| excretion          = 40% as conjugated metabolites into urine<br />Similar amount into the feces

<!-- Identifiers -->
| CAS_number_Ref     = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number         = 79794-75-5
| CAS_supplemental   =
| PubChem            = 3957
| IUPHAR_ligand      = 7216
| DrugBank_Ref       = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank           = DB00455
| ChemSpiderID_Ref   = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID       = 3820
| UNII_Ref           = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII               = 7AJO3BO7QN
| KEGG_Ref           = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG               = D00364
| ChEBI_Ref          = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI              = 6538
| ChEMBL_Ref         = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL             = 998
| NIAID_ChemDB       =
| PDB_ligand         =
| synonyms           =

<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| IUPAC_name         = Ethyl 4-(8-chloro-5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)-1-piperidinecarboxylate
| C                  = 22
| H                  = 23
| Cl                 = 1
| N                  = 2
| O                  = 2
| SMILES             = O=C(OCC)N4CC/C(=C2/c1ccc(Cl)cc1CCc3cccnc23)CC4
| StdInChI_Ref       = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI           = 1S/C22H23ClN2O2/c1-2-27-22(26)25-12-9-15(10-13-25)20-19-8-7-18(23)14-17(19)6-5-16-4-3-11-24-21(16)20/h3-4,7-8,11,14H,2,5-6,9-10,12-13H2,1H3
| StdInChI_comment   =
| StdInChIKey_Ref    = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey        = JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density            =
| density_notes      =
| melting_point      =
| melting_high       =
| melting_notes      =
| boiling_point      =
| boiling_notes      =
| solubility         =
| sol_units          =
| specific_rotation  =
}}

<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
'''Loratadine''', sold under the brand name '''Claritin''' among others, is a medication used to treat [[allergies]].<ref name=AHFS2016/> This includes [[allergic rhinitis]] (hay fever) and [[hives]].<ref name=AHFS2016/> It is also available in drug combinations such as [[loratadine/pseudoephedrine]], in which it is combined with [[pseudoephedrine]], a [[nasal decongestant]].<ref name=AHFS2016/> It is taken orally.<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web|title=Loratadine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loratadine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221001703/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loratadine.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref>

<!-- Side effects and mechanism -->
Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, and headache.<ref name=AHFS2016/> Serious side effects are rare and include [[allergic reactions]], [[seizures]], and [[liver problems]].<ref name=ERC2015/> Use during [[pregnancy]] appears to be safe but has not been well studied.<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web|title=Loratadine Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/loratadine.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221001209/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/loratadine.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> It is not recommended in children less than two years old.<ref name=ERC2015>{{cite web|title=Clarityn Allergy 10mg Tablets (P) - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/29550|date=7 October 2015|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220173725/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/29550|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> It is in the [[second-generation antihistamine]] family of medications.<ref name=AHFS2016/>

<!-- History, society and culture -->
Loratadine was patented in 1980 and came to market in 1988.<ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=549 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA549 }}</ref> It is on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Loratadine is available as a [[generic medication]].<ref name=AHFS2016/><ref>{{cite web | title=Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=3 March 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220015057/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | url-status=dead | archive-date=20 February 2020 | access-date=6 March 2023}}</ref> In the United States, it is available [[over the counter]].<ref name=AHFS2016/> In 2022, it was the 72nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 9{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.<ref name="Top 300 of 2022">{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2022 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=30 August 2024 | archive-date=30 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830202410/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Loratadine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Loratadine | access-date = 30 August 2024 }}</ref> In 2022, the combination with [[pseudoephedrine]] was the 289th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 500,000 prescriptions.<ref name="Top 300 of 2022" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Loratadine; Pseudoephedrine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoratadinePseudoephedrine | access-date = 30 August 2024 }}</ref>