Editing Lord Sinclair (section)

{{short description|British noble title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
[[File:Arms of Lord Sinclair.svg|thumb|right|Arms of Lord Sinclair: ''Argent, a cross engrailed azure.'']]

'''Lord Sinclair''' is a title in the [[Peerage of Scotland]]. According to [[James Balfour Paul]]'s ''[[The Scots Peerage]]'', volume VII published in 1910, the first person to be styled Lord Sinclair was [[William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness|William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney and 1st Earl of Caithness]] (died 1480).<ref name="Peerage">{{cite book |last=Paul |first=James Balfour |author-link=James Balfour Paul |year=1910 |title=The Scots Peerage; Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom |url=https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun07paul/page/n5/mode/2up |volume=VII |location=Edinburgh |publisher=[[David Douglas (publisher)|David Douglas]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun07paul/page/n595/mode/2up 569]–571 |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> However, according to Roland Saint-Clair writing in the late 19th century, William Sinclair's father, [[Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney]], who died in 1420, is the first person recorded as Lord Sinclair by public records.<ref name="Saint-Clair.297">{{cite book |last=Saint-Clair |first=Roland |year=1898 |title=The Saint-Clairs of the Isles; being a history of the Sea-kings of Orkney and their Scottish successors of the sirname of Sinclair |url=https://archive.org/details/saintclairsofisl00sain/page/n9/mode/2up |location=[[Shortland Street, Auckland]], New Zealand |publisher=H. Brett |page=[https://archive.org/details/saintclairsofisl00sain/page/296/mode/2up 297] |access-date=31 May 2021}}</ref> 

In 1470, William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney, 2nd Lord Sinclair and 11th [[Baron of Roslin]] surrendered the earldom of Orkney in return for the [[Earl of Caithness|earldom of Caithness]]. He divided his estates: his eldest son from his first marriage, [[William Sinclair, 3rd Lord Sinclair]], inherited the title of Lord Sinclair, while he left the Barony of Roslin to his eldest son from his second marriage, [[Oliver St Clair, 12th Baron of Roslin|Oliver]], and the earldom of Caithness to his second son from his second marriage, another [[William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness|William]], from whom descend the chiefs of the [[Clan Sinclair]].<ref name="Saint-Clair.297"/>

William Sinclair, 3rd Lord Sinclair's son, [[Henry Sinclair, 4th Lord Sinclair]] (died 1513), was confirmed in the title in 1488 by an Act of Parliament. However, according to historian Roland Saint-Clair, this Act was only a recognition of the Barony of St. Clair existing in the person of his ancestor, [[Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney]] and did not constitute a new creation.<ref name="Saint-Clair">{{cite book |last=Saint-Clair |first=Roland |year=1898 |title=The Saint-Clairs of the Isles; being a history of the Sea-kings of Orkney and their Scottish successors of the sirname of Sinclair |url=https://archive.org/details/saintclairsofisl00sain/page/n9/mode/2up |location=[[Shortland Street, Auckland]], New Zealand |publisher=H. Brett |pages=[https://archive.org/details/saintclairsofisl00sain/page/298/mode/2up 299]–301 |access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref> [[Bernard Burke]], in his a ''Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire'', agrees with Roland Saint-Clair and says that Henry Sinclair (died 1513) and William Sinclair (died 1570) were "in reality" the fourth and fifth Lords Sinclair respectively.<ref name="Burke">{{cite book |last=Burke |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Burke |year=1869 |title=Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire |url=https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/page/n5/mode/2up |location=59 [[Pall Mall, London]] |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons|Harrison]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/page/1016/mode/2up 1016] |access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> According to 18th century herald, [[Alexander Nisbet]], the Lord Sinclair coat of arms is based on the feudal arms of the Earl of Orkney and being the lineal male heir of William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nisbet |first=Alexander |author-link=Alexander Nisbet |year=1816 |title=A System of Heraldry |url=https://archive.org/details/systemofheraldry02nisbuoft/page/n5/mode/2up |volume=II |location=[[Princes Street]], Edinburgh and [[New Bond Street]], London |publisher=[[William Blackwood & Sons|William Blackwood]] and [[Rodwell & Martin]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/systemofheraldry02nisbuoft/page/n99/mode/2up 84] |access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref>

On the death of the tenth Lord, the male line failed. He was succeeded by his grandson, Henry, the eleventh Lord, the son of Catherine Sinclair, Mistress of Sinclair, daughter of the tenth Lord, and her husband [[John Sinclair, 23rd Lord Herdmanston]]. In 1677, he obtained a new charter of the peerage confirming him in the title and with remainders respectively to his brother Henry Sinclair and his father's brothers Robert St Clair, George St Clair and Matthew St Clair, and failing them to his own heirs male whatsoever. However, his eldest son and heir John Sinclair, Master of Sinclair, was involved in the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]] and attainted by Parliament. Consequently, he was not allowed to assume the title.

He died childless in 1750 when the claim to the title passed to his younger brother General [[James St Clair]] (d. 1762). However, he never assumed the title. On his death the lordship became dormant. It was to remain so until it was successfully claimed by [[Charles Sinclair, 13th Lord Sinclair]], who was confirmed in the title by the House of Lords in 1782. He was the son of Andrew St Clair, ''de jure'' 12th Lord Sinclair, grandson of Charles Sinclair, ''de jure'' 11th Lord Sinclair (d. 1755) and great-grandson of the aforementioned Matthew St Clair, uncle of the tenth Lord. He thereby became the first holder of the title without descent from the original Lords. The thirteenth Lord, his son the [[James St Clair, 14th Lord Sinclair|fourteenth Lord]], grandson the fifteenth Lord, great-grandson the sixteenth Lord, and great-great-grandson the [[Charles St Clair, 17th Lord Sinclair|seventeenth Lord]], all sat in the [[House of Lords]] as [[List of Scottish representative peers|Scottish representative peer]]. As of 2016, the title is held by the latter's only son, the eighteenth Lord, who succeeded on his father's death in 2004.

The [[University College London]] research project ''The Legacies of British Slave-ownership'' and the records of the ''Slave Compensation Commission'', highlights that Charles St Clair, 13th Lord Sinclair owned 666 slaves at the time of abolition in 1833. He gained £5,411 as compensation from the government of the United Kingdom and Great Britain, (approximately £458,000 in 2015).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/21979 |title=Charles St Clair, 13th Lord St Clair |website=ucl.ac.uk |access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref>

The family house is Knocknalling House, near [[St John's Town of Dalry]], Kirkcudbrightshire.<ref name="Coventry">{{cite book |last=Coventry |first=Martin |year=2008 |title=Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans |location=[[Musselburgh]] |publisher=Goblinshead |page=533 |isbn=978-1-899874-36-1}}</ref>