Editing Lychee (section)

{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=3}}
{{Redirect|Lichi}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Litchi chinensis fruits.JPG
| image_caption =
| display_parents = 2
| genus = Litchi
| parent_authority = [[Pierre Sonnerat|Sonn.]]
| species = chinensis
| authority = [[Pierre Sonnerat|Sonn.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | access-date=19 January 2010}}</ref>
| synonyms = <!-- some, not all -->
* ''Corvinia litschi'' <small>Stadtm. ex P.Willemet </small>
* ''Euphoria didyma'' <small>Blanco</small>
* ''Euphoria punicea'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''Litchi sinensis'' <small>J.F.Gmel.</small>
* ''Nephelium chinense'' <small>(Sonn.) Druce</small>
* ''Nephelium didymum'' <small>Craib</small>
* ''Scytalia chinensis'' <small>Gaertn.</small>
* ''Scytalia squamosa'' <small>Stokes</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000446283 |title=''Litchi chinensis'' (Thunb.) H.Deane |date=2022 |website= World Flora Online |publisher= World Flora Consortium |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| c = 荔枝
| p = Lìzhī
| w = Li<sup>4</sup>-chih<sup>1</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|l|i|4|.|zhi|1}}
| gr = Lihjy
| j = Lai<sup>6</sup>-zi<sup>1</sup>
| y = Laihjī
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|l|ai|6|.|z|i|1}}
| tl = Nāi/Lāi-tsi
| poj = Nāi/Lāi-chi
}}

'''Lychee'''<ref>Also sometimes spelled ''litchi'', ''liechee'', ''liche'', ''lizhi'', ''li zhi'', or ''lichee''.</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|aɪ|tʃ|iː}} {{respell|LIE|chee}}, {{IPAc-en|Usalso|ˈ|l|iː|tʃ|iː}} {{respell|LEE|chee}}; '''''Litchi chinensis'''''; {{zh|c={{linktext|荔枝}}|p=lìzhī|j=lai6 zi1|poj=nāi-chi}}) is a [[monotypic taxon]] and the sole member in the genus '''''Litchi''''' in the [[Sapindus|soapberry]] family, [[Sapindaceae]].

There are three distinct subspecies of lychee. The most common is the Indochinese lychee found in [[South China]], [[Malaysia]], and northern [[Vietnam]]. The other two are the Philippine lychee (locally called ''alupag'' or ''matamata'') found only in the [[Philippines]] and the Javanese lychee cultivated in [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]].<ref name="Purdue">{{cite book |last1=Morton |first1=J.F. |url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/lychee.html |title=Lychee. In: Fruits of Warm Climates |date=1987 |publisher=Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture |location=West Lafayette, Indiana, USA |pages=249–259 |access-date=30 October 2013}}</ref><ref name=kew/> The tree has been introduced throughout Southeast Asia and [[South Asia]].<ref name="kew">{{cite web | url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:783539-1 | title=''Litchi chinensis'' Sonn. &#124; Plants of the World Online &#124; Kew Science }}</ref> Cultivation in China is documented from the 11th century.<ref name="Purdue" /> China is the main producer of lychees, followed by [[India]], Vietnam, other countries in Southeast Asia, other countries in [[South Asia]], [[Madagascar]], and [[South Africa]]. A tall [[evergreen]] tree, it bears small fleshy sweet [[Drupe|fruits]]. The outside of the fruit is a pink-red, rough-textured soft shell.

Lychee seeds contain [[Methylene cyclopropyl acetic acid|methylene cyclopropyl glycine]] which has caused [[hypoglycemia]] associated with outbreaks of [[encephalopathy]] in undernourished Indian and Vietnamese children who consumed lychee fruit.<ref name="lancet">{{cite journal|journal=The Lancet|volume=Online, 30 January 2017|issue=4|vauthors=Spencer PS, Palmer VS|title=The enigma of litchi toxicity: an emerging health concern in southern Asia|doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30046-3|pmid=28153516|year=2017|pages=e383–e384|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="lancet2">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30035-9|pmid=28153514|journal=The Lancet|volume=30 January 2017 (online)|issue=4|title=Association of acute toxic encephalopathy with lychee consumption in an outbreak in Muzaffarpur, India, 2014: a case-control study |author=Aakash Shrivastava |author2=Anil Kumar |author3=Jerry D Thomas |author4=Kayla F Laserson |author5=Gyan Bhushan |author6=Melissa D Carter |author7=Mala Chhabra |author8=Veena Mittal |author9=Shashi Khare |author10=James J Sejvar |author11=Mayank Dwivedi |author12=Samantha L Isenberg |author13=Rudolph Johnson |author14=James L Pirkle |author15=Jon D Sharer |author16=Patricia L Hall |author17=Rajesh Yadav |author18=Anoop Velayudhan |author19=Mohan Papanna |author20=Pankaj Singh |author21=D Somashekar |author22=Arghya Pradhan |author23=Kapil Goel |author24=Rajesh Pandey |author25=Mohan Kumar |author26=Satish Kumar |author27=Amit Chakrabarti |author28=P Sivaperumal |author29=A Ramesh Kumar |author30=Joshua G Schier |author31=Arthur Chang |author32=Leigh Ann Graham |author33=Thomas P Mathews |author34=Darryl Johnson |author35=Liza Valentin |author36=Kathleen L Caldwell |author37=Jeffery M Jarrett |author38=Leslie A Harden |author39=Gary R Takeoka |author40=Suxiang Tong |author41=Krista Queen |author42=Clinton Paden |author43=Anne Whitney |author44=Dana L Haberling |author45=Ram Singh |author46=Ravi Shankar Singh |author47=Kenneth C Earhart |author48=A C Dhariwal |author49=L S Chauhan |author50=S Venkatesh |author51=Padmini Srikantiah |year=2017 |pages=e458–e466 |doi-access=free}}</ref>