Editing Lysenkoism (section)

{{Short description|Pseudoscientific Soviet biological theory}}
{{good article}}
[[File:Lysenko with Stalin.gif|thumb|upright=1.35 |[[Trofim Lysenko|Lysenko]] speaking at the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]] in 1935; behind him are (left to right) [[Stanislav Kosior]], [[Anastas Mikoyan]], [[Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev|Andrei Andreev]] and [[Joseph Stalin]]]]
'''Lysenkoism''' ({{langx|ru|лысенковщина|lysenkovshchina}} {{IPA|ru|ɫɨˈsʲɛnkəfɕːɪnə|}}; {{langx|uk|лисенківщина|lysenkivščyna}} {{IPA|uk|lɪˈsɛnkiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ|}}) was a political campaign led by the Soviet [[biologist]] [[Trofim Lysenko]] against [[genetics]] and science-based [[agriculture]] in the mid-20th century, rejecting [[natural selection]] in favour of a form of [[Lamarckism]], as well as expanding upon the techniques of [[vernalization]] and [[grafting]].

More than 3,000 mainstream biologists were dismissed or imprisoned, and numerous scientists were executed in the Soviet campaign to [[Suppressed research in the Soviet Union|suppress scientific opponents]].<ref name="gar57">{{cite book |last=Gardner |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Gardner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwP3SGAUsnkC&q=gardner%20fads%20and%20fallacies&pg=PP1 |title=Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science |publisher=Dover Books |year=1957 |isbn=978-0486131627 |location=New York |pages=140–151}}</ref><ref name=":2"/><ref name="Soyfer Nature"/><ref name=":3"/> The president of the Soviet Agriculture Academy, [[Nikolai Vavilov]], who had been Lysenko's mentor, but later denounced him, was sent to prison and died there, while Soviet genetics research was effectively destroyed.<ref name="Soyfer Nature"/><ref name=":3"/> Research and teaching in the fields of [[neurophysiology]], [[cell biology]], and many other biological disciplines were harmed or banned.

The government of the [[Soviet Union]] (USSR) supported the campaign, and [[Joseph Stalin]] personally edited a speech by Lysenko in a way that reflected his support for what would come to be known as Lysenkoism, despite his skepticism toward Lysenko's assertion that all science is class-orientated in nature. Lysenko served as the director of the USSR's [[VASKhNIL|Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences]]. Other countries of the [[Eastern Bloc]] including the [[People's Republic of Poland]], the [[Republic of Czechoslovakia (1948–1960)|Republic of Czechoslovakia]], and the [[German Democratic Republic]] accepted Lysenkoism as the official "new biology", to varying degrees, as did the [[Science in the People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China]] for some years.