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M3 Stuart
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{{short description|WW2 American light tank}} {{for|the medium tank|M3 Lee}} {{Use American English|date=October 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}} {{stack| {{Infobox weapon |name= Light tank, M3 and M5 |image= Stuart tankfest 2023.JPG |image_size = 300 |caption= M3A1 Stuart (T37765) at Tankfest 2023 |origin= United States |type= [[Light tank]] |is_vehicle= yes |designer= U.S. Army Ordnance Department |design_date= |manufacturer= {{plainlist| *[[American Car and Foundry Company]] *[[Cadillac]] division of [[General Motors]] *General Motors *[[Massey Ferguson#Massey-Harris Limited|Massey-Harris]]}} |unit_cost=$32,915 (M3A1), $27,057 (M5)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-O3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |first=Steve |last=Zaloga |title=Armored Champion |date=15 May 2015 |page=39|publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=9780811761338 }}</ref> |production_date= {{start date|1941}}{{ndash}}{{end date|1944}} |number= 22,744 M3 and M5 |variants= See [[M3 Stuart#Variants|Variants]] |spec_label= M5A1, late production <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m5stuart.html#M5A1|title=Light Tank M5 Stuart|website=afvdb.50megs.com}}</ref> <!-- Service history --> |service={{start date|1941}}{{ndash}}present |wars= {{ubl|[[World War II]]|[[Hukbalahap Rebellion]]|[[Indonesian National Revolution]]|[[Darul Islam rebellion]]|[[First Indochina War]]|[[Chinese Civil War]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947β1948]]|[[Invasion of Ambon|South Maluku rebellion]]|[[Korean War]]|[[Portuguese Colonial War]]|[[Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia|PRRI rebellion]]|[[Permesta|Permesta rebellion]]|[[1959 Cuban Revolution]]|[[Nicaraguan Revolution]]|[[30 September Movement]]|[[Football War]]|[[Salvadoran Civil War]]}} |length= {{cvt|15|ft|10.5|in|2}} with sand shields and rear stowage box |width= {{cvt|7|ft|6|in|2}} with sand shields |height= {{cvt|8|ft|5|in|2}} over anti-aircraft machine gun |weight= {{convert|33,500|lb|MT|2|abbr=in}} |speed= {{cvt|36|mph|km/h}} on road |primary_armament=[[37 mm Gun M3#Variants|37 mm Gun M6]] in Mount M44<br />147 rounds |secondary_armament= 3 Γ [[.30-06 Springfield|.30 caliber]] (7.62 mm) [[M1919 Browning machine gun|Browning M1919A4 machine guns]]<br />6,750 rounds |armour= {{cvt|0.375|to|2.0|in|mm}} |engine= Twin Cadillac Series 42 |engine_power= {{cvt|220|hp|kW}} at 3,400 rpm |suspension= [[Vertical volute spring suspension]] (VVSS) |crew= 4 (commander, gunner, driver, assistant driver{{sfn|TM-9-732-M5-Manual|page=Β§ 6}}) |transmission= [[Hydramatic]]<br />4 speeds forward, 1 reverse |pw_ratio= {{convert|14.48|hp/t|hp/ST|disp=flip}} |fuel_capacity= {{convert|89|USgal|abbr=off|sp=us}} |vehicle_range= {{cvt|100|mi|km}} }} {{US tanks}} }} The '''M3 Stuart'''/'''light tank M3,''' was a [[US]] [[light tank]] of [[World War II]], first entered service in the British Army in early 1941 and saw action in the North African campaign in July 1941.<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=M3A1 Stuart |url=https://tankmuseum.org/tank-nuts/tank-collection/m3a1-stuart|website=The Tank Museum |location= |publisher= |access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref> Later an improved version of the tank entered service as the M5 in 1942 to be supplied to British and other allied [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces under [[lend-lease]] prior to the entry of the United States into the war. The British service name "Stuart" came from the [[U.S. Civil War]] [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] general [[J. E. B. Stuart]] and was used for both the M3 and the derivative M5 light tank. Unofficially, they were also often called "Honeys" by the British, because of their smooth ride.<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Tank M3 Stuart|url=https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/us/m3_stuart.php|date=28 November 2014|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> In U.S. use, the tanks were officially known as "light tank M3" and "light tank M5". Stuarts were first used in combat in the [[North African campaign]]; about 170 were used by the British forces in [[Operation Crusader]] (18 November β 30 December 1941). Stuarts were the first American-crewed tanks in World War II to engage the enemy in tank versus tank combat when used in the [[Philippines campaign (1941β1942)|Philippines]] in December 1941 against the Japanese.<ref>Hunnicutt (Stuart) p. 395</ref><ref>Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) p. 301</ref> Outside of the Pacific War, in later years of WWII the M3 was used for reconnaissance and screening.
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