Editing Macadamia (section)

{{Short description|Genus of plants indigenous to Australia}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image             = Macadamia nuts on tree.JPG
| image_caption     = Macadamia nuts
| display_parents   = 3
| taxon             = Macadamia
| authority         = [[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell.]]
| type_species      = ''[[Macadamia integrifolia]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Joseph Maiden|Maiden]] & [[Ernst Betche|Betche]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision       = 
* ''[[Macadamia integrifolia]]'' {{Au|[[Joseph Maiden|Maiden]] & [[Ernst Betche|Betche]]}}
* ''[[Macadamia jansenii]]'' {{Au|C.L.Gross & P.H.Weston}}
* ''[[Macadamia ternifolia]]'' {{Au|[[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell.]]}}
* ''[[Macadamia tetraphylla]]'' {{Au|[[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]]}}
}}

'''''Macadamia''''' is a [[genus]] of four [[species]] of trees in the [[flowering plant]] family [[Proteaceae]].<ref name="APNI">{{cite web |url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/99964 |title=''Macadamia'' |website=[[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, [[Australian Government]] |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref name=Mastetal2008>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mast | first1 = Austin R. | last2 = Willis | first2 = Crystal L. | last3 = Jones | first3 = Eric H. | last4 = Downs | first4 = Katherine M. | last5 = Weston | first5 = Peter H. | date = July 2008 | title = A smaller ''Macadamia'' from a more vagile tribe: inference of phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and diaspore evolution in ''Macadamia'' and relatives (tribe Macadamieae; Proteaceae) | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 95 | issue = #7 | pages = 843–870 | issn = 1537-2197 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.0700006 | pmid = 21632410 | bibcode = 2008AmJB...95..843M }}</ref> They are indigenous to Australia - specifically, northeastern [[New South Wales]] and central and southeastern [[Queensland]]. Two species of the [[genus]] are commercially important for their fruit, the '''macadamia nut''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|æ|k|ə|ˈ|d|eɪ|m|i|ə}} (or simply '''macadamia'''). Global production in 2015 was {{convert|160000|t|ST}}.<ref name="fp">{{cite web | url=http://www.freshplaza.com/article/137977/South-Africa-becomes-king-of-macadamia-nuts-again | title=South Africa becomes king of macadamia nuts again | publisher=FreshPlaza | date=14 April 2015 | access-date=9 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010043705/http://www.freshplaza.com/article/137977/South-Africa-becomes-king-of-macadamia-nuts-again | archive-date=10 October 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Other names include '''Queensland nut''', '''bush nut''', '''maroochi nut''' or '''bauple nut'''.<ref name="bopplenut">{{Cite web|title=The Bopple Nut|url=http://www.bauplemuseum.com/bopple%20nut%20pub.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811101924/http://bauplemuseum.com/bopple%20nut%20pub.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014|access-date=19 June 2014|website=Bauple Museum}}</ref> It was an important source of [[Bush tucker|bushfood]] for the [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal peoples]].

[[File:Bolivia Macadamia (4370865469).jpg|thumb|Fresh macadamia nut with husk or [[pericarp]] cut in half]]
[[File:Starr-081111-0455-Macadamia integrifolia-different stages-Makawao-Maui (24299912723).jpg|thumb|Stages of a ''Macadamia integrifolia'' nut: unripe, ripe, husk peeled, deshelled]]
[[File:Macadamia_nuts,_with_one_cracked_and_exposing_the_nut.jpg|thumb|Roasted macadamia nuts with sawn nutshell, one cracked open]]

The nut was first commercially produced on a wide scale in [[Hawaii]], where Australian seeds were introduced in the 1880s, and for more than a century they were the world's largest producer.<ref name="TG-20201212">{{cite news |last1=Kean |first1=Zoe |title=In a nutshell: how the macadamia became a 'vulnerable' species |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/12/in-a-nutshell-how-the-macadamia-became-a-vulnerable-species-aoe |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=12 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/RES-039.pdf|series=Research extension series|issn=0271-9916|title=Macadamia nuts in Hawaii: History and production|last1=Shigeura|first1=Gordon T.|first2=Hiroshi|last2=Ooka|date=April 1984|publisher=University of Hawaii. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922090216/https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/RES-039.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> South Africa has been the world's largest producer of the macadamia since the 2010s. 

The macadamia is the only widely grown food plant that is native to Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/blog/2024/02/08/australian-plants-can-be-new-food-crops-for-sustainable-agricultural-systems/|title=Australian plants can be new food crops for sustainable agricultural systems|date=8 February 2024}}</ref>