Editing Mahbub ul Haq (section)

{{Short description|Pakistani economist (1934–1998)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Other uses|Mahbubul Haq (disambiguation){{!}}Mahbubul Haq}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Mahbub ul-Haq 
| office              = 14th [[Minister of Finance (Pakistan)|Finance Minister of Pakistan]]
| alma_mater          = {{ubl|[[Punjab University, Lahore|University of The Punjab]] (B.S.)|[[King's College, Cambridge]] (B.A.)|[[Yale University]] (Ph.D.)}}
| termstart           = 9 June 1988
| termend             = 1 December 1988
| predecessor         = [[Yasin Wattoo]]
| successor           = [[Ehsan-ul-Haq Piracha]]
| president           = [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|df=yes|1934|02|24}}
| birth_place         = [[Gurdaspur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Punjab, India]])
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1998|07|16|1934|02|22}}
| death_place         = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| image               =
| width               = 250px
| primeminister       = 
| nationality         = Pakistani
| profession          = Economist<br> Politician
| spouse              = Khadija Khanum
| children            = 2
| termstart1          = 10 April 1985
| termend1            = 28 January 1986
| predecessor1        = [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]]
| successor1          = [[Yasin Wattoo]]
| primeminister1      = [[Muhammad Khan Junejo]]
| president1          = [[Zia ul-Haq]]
| native_name         = {{Nastaliq|محبوب الحق}}
| native_name_lang    = ur
}}

'''Mahbub ul-Haq''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|محبوب الحق}}}}; {{Birth date|1934|2|24|df=y}} {{snd}} {{Death date|1998|7|16|df=y}}) was a Pakistani economist, [[international development]] theorist, and politician who served as the minister of Finance from 10 April 1985 to 28 January 1986, and again from June to December 1988 as a [[Caretaker government|caretaker]]. Regarded as one of the greatest economists of his time, Haq devised the [[Human Development Index]], widely used to gauge the development of nations.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mahbub ul Haq|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/obituary/1998/07/23/mahbub-ul-haq|access-date=2020-05-16|issn=0013-0613}}</ref>

After graduating with a degree in [[economics]] from the [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College University]] in [[Lahore]], he won a scholarship to the [[University of Cambridge]] in [[England]], where he obtained a second higher degree in the same field. He later received his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] from [[Yale University]] in the [[United States]] and conducted [[postdoctoral researcher|postdoctoral research]] at the [[Harvard Kennedy School]]. Haq returned to Pakistan to serve as the [[chief economist]] of the [[Planning Commission (Pakistan)|Planning Commission]] throughout the 1960s. In 1970, after the fall of [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]], Haq moved to [[Washington, D.C.]] to serve at the [[World Bank]] as Director of Policy Planning until 1982, where he played a major role in reorienting its approach to assisting development in [[Developing country|low-income countries]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Inaugural Mahbub ul Haq-Amartya Sen Lecture, UNIGE {{!}} Human Development Reports|url = http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/inaugural-mahbub-ul-haq-amartya-sen-lecture-unige|website = hdr.undp.org| date=January 2014 |access-date = 2016-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Amartya Sen - Biographical|url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1998/sen-bio.html|website = www.nobelprize.org|access-date = 2016-02-23}}</ref>

He returned to Pakistan in 1982, and in 1985 assumed the position of Finance Minister with the [[Government of Pakistan]], and oversaw a period of [[economic liberalization]] in the country. In 1989, he moved back to the United States, where he served as the special adviser to the [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) under its head, [[William Henry Draper III]]. At the UNDP, Haq led the establishment of the [[Human Development Report]] and the widely-respected [[Human Development Index]] (HDI), which measures development by well-being, rather than by financial income alone. He returned to Pakistan in 1996 to establish the Human Development Centre in the capital city of [[Islamabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Honouring Mahbubul Haq - The Express Tribune|url = http://tribune.com.pk/story/1051667/honouring-mahbubul-haq/|website = The Express Tribune| date=21 February 2016 |access-date = 2016-02-23|language = en-US}}</ref>

Haq is considered to have had a profound effect on global development. His 1995 book, ''Reflections on Human Development'', is said to have opened new avenues to policy proposals for [[Human development (economics)|human development paradigms]], such as the [[United Nations Global Compact]] that was formed in 2000.<ref name="haq1">Mahbub ul Haq (1996) Reflections on Human Development. [[Oxford University Press]]. 288 pages. {{ISBN|0-19-510193-6}}</ref> [[Amartya Sen]] and [[Tam Dalyell]] judged Haq's work to have "brought about a major change in the understanding and statistical accounting of the process of development".<ref>{{Cite web|title = Obituary: Mahbub ul Haq|url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-mahbub-ul-haq-1169323.html|website = The Independent| date=2 August 1998 |access-date = 2016-02-23|language = en-GB}}</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' called him "one of the visionaries of international development".<ref>{{Cite news|title = Mahbub ul Haq|url = https://www.economist.com/node/169653|newspaper = The Economist|access-date = 2016-02-23|issn = 0013-0613}}</ref> He was widely regarded as "the most articulate and persuasive spokesman for the developing world".<ref>{{Cite web|title = Dr. Mahbub ul-Haq|url = http://www.scu.edu/ethics/architects-of-peace/ul-Haq/homepage.html|website = www.scu.edu|access-date = 2016-02-23|archive-date = 13 June 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150613150352/http://scu.edu/ethics/architects-of-peace/ul-Haq/homepage.html|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Mahbub ul Haq and Human Development: A Tribute|jstor = 4407121|journal = Economic and Political Weekly|date = 1998-01-01|pages = 2275–2279|volume = 33|issue = 35|first = Sanjaya|last = Baru}}</ref>