Editing Mahmud I (section)

{{Short description|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Mahmud I
| title        = [[Ottoman Caliphate|Ottoman Caliph]]<br/>[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]<br/>[[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]<br/>Sultan of the two lands, Khagan of the two seas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces89292.html|title=Zeri Mahbub - Mahmud I, Egypt|website=en.numista.com}}</ref>
| titletext    = 
| more         = 
| type         = 
| image        = Sultan Mahmud I – Jean Baptiste Vanmour.jpg
| alt          = 
| caption      = Portrait by [[Jean Baptiste Vanmour]]
| moretext     = 
| succession   = [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] ([[Padishah]])
| reign        = 1 October  1730 – {{nowrap|13 December 1754}}
| coronation   = 
| cor-type     = 
| predecessor  = [[Ahmed III]]
| regent       = 
| reg-type     = 
| successor    = [[Osman III]]
| spouse       = {{plainlist|
*Ayşe Kadın
*Hatem Kadın
*Alicenab Kadın
*Verdinaz Kadın
*Hatice Rami Kadın
*Tiryal Kadın
*Raziye Kadın
*Meyyase Hanim
*Fehmi Hanim
*Sirri Hanim
*Habbabe Hanim}}
| spouse-type  = Consorts
| issue        = 
| full name    = Mahmud bin Mustafa
| house        = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]]
| house-type   = Dynasty
| father       = [[Mustafa II]]
| mother       = [[Saliha Sultan (mother of Mahmud I)|Saliha Sultan]]
| birth_date   = 2 August 1696
| birth_place  = [[Edirne Palace]], [[Edirne]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1754|12|13|1696|8|2|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Topkapı Palace]], [[Constantinople]], Ottoman Empire
| burial_date  = 
| burial_place = [[Tomb of Turhan Sultan]], [[New Mosque (Istanbul)|New Mosque]], Istanbul, Turkey
| signature_type = [[Tughra]]
| religion     = [[Sunni Islam]]
| signature    = Tughra of Mahmud I.JPG
}}
[[File:Mahmud1.jpg|alt=Sultan|thumb|''Sultan Mahmud I'']]
'''Mahmud I''' ({{langx|ota|محمود اول}}, {{langx|tr|I. Mahmud}}; 2 August 1696 {{spaced ndash}} 13 December 1754), known as '''Mahmud the Hunchback''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dobrowolska |first1=Agnieszka |last2=Dobrowolski |first2=Jarosław |title=The Sultan's Fountain: An Imperial Story of Cairo, Istanbul, and Amsterdam |date=2011 |publisher=American University in Cairo |isbn=978-977-416-523-8 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dexcBgAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> was the [[sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] from 1730 to 1754. He took over the throne after the quelling of the [[Patrona Halil rebellion]]. His reign was marked by wars in Persia and [[Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735–1739)|conflicts in Europe]]. He delegated government affairs to his viziers and devoted time to writing poetry. [[Nader Shah]]'s [[Nader Shah's invasion of India|devastating campaign]] weakened the Mughal Empire and created the opportunity for Mahmud I to [[Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746)|initiate war]] with cooperation from [[Muhammad Shah]]. The alliance ended with the latter's death, leading to tensions between the Afsharids and the Ottomans. In 1748, he outlawed [[Freemasonry]] within the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=FitIW>Layiktez, Cecil "[http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/layiktez1.html Freemasonry in the Islamic World]", Pietre-Stones Review of Freemasonry, 1996</ref>