Editing Mainz Cathedral (section)

{{Short description|Cathedral in Mainz, Germany}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Mainz
| fullname = St. Martin's Cathedral
| other name = 
| native_name = {{langx|de|link=no|Der Hohe Dom zu Mainz}}
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| image = Mainzer Dom nw.jpg
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| location = [[Mainz]]
| country = Germany
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
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| founded date = 975 or 976
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| dedication = [[Martin of Tours]]
| dedicated date = 29 August 1009 (1st time)
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| relics = [[Chasuble]] of [[Willigis]]
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| functional status = Active
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| style = [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] (original)<br>[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] (chapels and bell towers)<br>[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] (roof)
| years built = 975–1009
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| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz|Mainz]]
| province = [[List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Germany#Ecclesiastical province of Freiburg im Breisgau|Freiburg im Breisgau]]
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| bishop = [[Peter Kohlgraf]]
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| organist = [[Daniel Beckmann]]
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'''Mainz Cathedral''' or '''St. Martin's Cathedral''' ({{langx|de|link=no|'''Mainzer Dom''', '''Martinsdom'''}} or, officially, '''''{{lang|de|Der Hohe Dom zu Mainz}}''''') is located near the historical center and pedestrianized market square of the city of [[Mainz]], Germany. This 1000-year-old [[Roman Catholic]] cathedral is the site of the [[episcopal see]] of the [[Bishop of Mainz]].

Mainz Cathedral is predominantly [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] in style, but later exterior additions over many centuries have resulted in the appearance of various architectural influences seen today. It comprises three [[aisle]]s and stands under the patronage of [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin of Tours]]. The eastern [[Choir (architecture)|quire]] is dedicated to [[Saint Stephen]].

The interior of the cathedral houses tombs and funerary monuments of former powerful [[Prince Elector|Electoral]]-[[Prince-Bishop|prince-archbishops]], or '''{{lang|de|Kurfürst-Erzbischöfe}}''', of the diocese and contains religious works of art spanning a millennium. The cathedral also has a central courtyard and statues of [[Saint Boniface]] and [[The Madonna]] on its grounds.

[[File:Hermann Emden - Mainzer Dom von Südosten vor1858 (ZBm262).jpg|left|thumb|Mainz Cathedral {{circa|1855}}]]During the time of Mainz Archbishop [[Willigis]] (975–1011), the city of Mainz flourished economically, and Willigis became one of the most influential politicians of that time, ascending to regent of the empire between 991 and 994. In 975–976 shortly after his installation he ordered the construction of a new cathedral in the pre-Romanesque [[Ottonian architecture]] style. This new building was part of his vision of Mainz as the "second Rome".<ref name="onethree">{{cite book |last=Dumont |first=Franz |author2=Ferdinand Scherf |author2-link=Ferdinand Scherf |author3=Friedrich Schütz |author3-link=Friedrich Schütz (historian) |title=[[Mainz]] Die Geschichte der Stadt (The history of the town) |publisher=[[Verlag Philipp von Zabern]] |year=1998 |language=de |isbn= 3-8053-2000-0 |page= 138}}</ref>

This new cathedral was to take over the functions of two churches: the [[St. John's Church, Mainz|old cathedral]] and [[St. Alban's Abbey, Mainz|St. Alban's]], which was the largest church in the area, belonging to a Benedictine abbey and serving as the burial ground for the bishops and other nobles, including [[Fastrada]], a spouse of [[Charlemagne]]. Most of the [[synod]]s and other important meetings were held at St. Alban's Abbey.

The new cathedral consisted of a double [[chancel]] with two [[transept]]s. The main hall was built in the typical triple-[[nave]] "cross" pattern. As was usual at that time no [[Vault (architecture)|vault]] was included because of structural difficulties relating to the size of the building. Six towers rose from the church. A cloister was enclosed in the structure and a small freestanding church, St. Mary's Church, connected by a [[colonnade]]. This small church developed later into the [[collegiate church]] of St. Maria ad Gradus.

[[Image:MzDomGrundriss.jpg|right|thumb|Present-day floor plan of the cathedral (↑S)]][[Sandstone]] was used as the primary building material for the cathedral. The inside was plastered white under the Archbishop Bardo, probably in the middle of the 11th century. During renovations ordered by [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] in the late 11th century, much of the outside was also plastered, but the [[cornice]]s were left exposed in their original red and yellow. It is believed that the coloring of the cathedral was changed on a number of occasions, but no further documentation of the coloring is available until records of the [[Baroque (architecture)|Baroque]] works.

[[File:Mainz Cathedral south aisle.JPG|thumb|South aisle]]
The cathedral suffered extensive damage from a fire on the day of its inauguration in 1009. Archbishop [[Bardo (bishop)|Bardo]] (Bardo of Oppershofen) presided over the completion of the cathedral begun under Willigis. By 1037 the main portions of the body of Mainz Cathedral were complete.<ref name="onethree"/> Willigis was buried in the second church he had initiated, [[St. Stephan Mainz|St. Stephan's]], in 1011.