Editing Management (section)

{{short description|Coordinating the efforts of persons}}
{{redirect|Manager|other uses|Manager (disambiguation)|and|Management (disambiguation)}}
{{Strategy}}
{{Business management}}

'''Management''' (or '''managing''') is the administration of organizations, whether [[business]]es, [[nonprofit organization]]s, or a [[Government agency|government bodies]] through [[business administration]], [[Nonprofit studies|nonprofit management]], or the [[political science]] sub-field of [[public administration]] respectively. It is the process of managing the resources of businesses, governments, and other organizations.

Larger organizations generally have three [[Hierarchy|hierarchical]] levels of managers,<ref>{{Cite book|last=DuBrin, Andrew J.|title=Essentials of management|date=2009|publisher=Thomson Business & Economics|isbn=978-0-324-35389-1|edition=8th|location=Mason, OH|oclc=227205643}}</ref>{{qn|date=February 2025}} organized in a pyramid structure:

* [[Senior management]] roles include the [[board of directors]] and a [[chief executive officer]] (CEO) or a [[President (corporate title)|president]] of an organization. They set the strategic goals and policy of the organization and make decisions on how the overall organization will operate. Senior managers are generally executive-level professionals who provide direction to middle management. Compare [[governance]].
* [[Middle management]] roles include branch managers, regional managers, department managers, and section managers. They provide direction to front-line managers and communicate the strategic goals and policies of senior management to them.
* [[Line management]] roles include [[supervisor]]s and the front-line [[team leader]]s, who oversee the work of regular employees, or volunteers in some voluntary organizations, and provide direction on their work. Line managers often perform the managerial functions that are traditionally considered the core of management. Despite the name, they are usually considered part of the workforce and not part of the organization's management class.
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Management is taught - both as a theoretical subject as well as its a practical application - across different disciplines at colleges and universities. Prominent major degree-programs in management include [[Doctor of Management|Management]], [[Bachelor of Business Administration|Business Administration]] and [[public administration|Public Administration]]. [[Social science|Social scientists]] study management as an [[academic discipline]], investigating areas such as [[social organization]], [[organizational adaptation]], and [[organizational leadership]].<ref>Waring, S.P., 2016. ''Taylorism Transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945''. UNC Press Books.</ref> In recent decades, there has been a movement for [[evidence-based management]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Evidence-Based Management? – Center for Evidence-Based Management |url=https://cebma.org/faq/evidence-based-management/ |access-date=2022-03-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>