Editing Manmohan Singh (section)

{{Short description|Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014<!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->}}
{{Other people}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Manmohan Singh
| image               = File:Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh (3x4 cropped).jpg <!--Do NOT alter or remove this image. It was chosen through a discussion among editors. If you wish to propose a change, please start a new discussion to establish consensus.-->
| alt                 = A portrait photograph of a bespectacled Indian man with a dark grey beard, a blue turban, and a white button-down suit with blurred background. <!--Do NOT alter or remove this image. It was chosen through a discussion among editors. If you wish to propose a change, please start a new discussion to establish consensus.-->
| caption             = Official portrait, 2004 <!--Do NOT alter or remove this image. It was chosen through a discussion among editors. If you wish to propose a change, please start a new discussion to establish consensus.-->
| office              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Prime Minister of India]]
| president           = {{ubl|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]|[[Pratibha Patil]]|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]}}
| vicepresident       = {{ubl|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]|[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]}}
| term_start          = 22 May 2004
| term_end            = 26 May 2014
| predecessor         = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| successor           = [[Narendra Modi]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Additional ministries}}
| 1blankname1         = Ministry and Departments
| 1namedata1          = {{unbulleted list|
| [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]
| [[Department of Atomic Energy]]
| [[Department of Space]]
| [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]}}
| term_start1         = 22 May 2004
| term_end1           = 26 May 2014
| predecessor1        = {{ubl|[[L. K. Advani]]|Atal Bihari Vajpayee}}
| successor1          = Narendra Modi
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
| office3             = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha]]
| 1blankname3         = Chairman
| 1namedata3          = {{ubl|[[Krishan Kant]]|Bhairon Singh Shekhawat}}
| primeminister3      = Atal Bihari Vajpayee
| term_start3         = 21 March 1998
| term_end3           = 21 May 2004
| predecessor3        = [[Sikander Bakht]]
| successor3          = Jaswant Singh
| office2             = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Minister of Finance]]
| primeminister2      = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| term_start2         = 21 June 1991
| term_end2           = 16 May 1996
| predecessor2        = [[Yashwant Sinha]]
| successor2          = [[Jaswant Singh]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1932|09|26|df=y}}
| birth_place         = {{ubl|[[Gah, Pakistan|Gah]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], British India|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan)}}
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2024|12|26|1932|09|26|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[New Delhi]], India
| party               = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nationality         = Indian
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Gursharan Kaur]]|1958}}
| children            = 3, including [[Upinder Singh|Upinder]] and [[Daman Singh|Daman]]
| alma_mater          = {{ubil|[[Panjab University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]])|[[St John's College, Cambridge]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[Nuffield College, Oxford]] ([[DPhil]])}}
| profession          = {{hlist|Economist|academician|bureaucrat|politician}}
| awards              = [[List of awards and honours received by Manmohan Singh|Full list]]
| signature           = Manmohan Singh Signatures.svg
| signature_alt       = Manmohan Singh
| office4             = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start4         = 19 August 2019
| termend4            = 3 April 2024
| constituency4       = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
| predecessor4        = [[Madan Lal Saini]]
| successor4          = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| term_start5         = 1 October 1991
| term_end5           = 14 June 2019
| constituency5       = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]]
| predecessor5        = Amritlal Basumatary
| successor5          = [[Kamakhya Prasad Tasa]]
| office6             = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Governor of the Reserve Bank of India]]
| term_start6         = 16 September 1982
| termend6            = 14 January 1985
| successor6          = [[Amitav Ghosh (banker)|Amitav Ghosh]]
| predecessor6        = [[I. G. Patel]]
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Manmohan Singh voice.ogg|title=Manmohan Singh's voice|type=speech|description=Singh delivering a [[joint session of the United States Congress|joint address to the United States Congress]]<br />Recorded 19 July 2005}}
| order               = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order2              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order1              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
}}

'''Manmohan Singh'''{{efn|{{Indic Transl|pa|Manamohana Singha|mənˈmoːɦənᵊ ˈsɪ́ŋɣʰ}}{{audio|Hi-ManmohanSingh.ogg|}}}} (26 September 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian economist, bureaucrat, academician and statesman<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhattacherjee |first1=Kallol |title=Manmohan an outstanding statesman, says Putin; Anwar terms him 'my mitra, my bhai' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manmohan-an-outstanding-statesman-says-putin-anwar-terms-him-my-mitra-my-bhai/article69034567.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=31 January 2025 |date=27 December 2024 |archive-date=27 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227185722/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manmohan-an-outstanding-statesman-says-putin-anwar-terms-him-my-mitra-my-bhai/article69034567.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> who served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[prime minister of India]] from 2004 to 2014. He was the fourth longest-serving prime minister after [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite news |title='I have nothing to be ashamed of about my prime ministership': Dr Manmohan Singh on being called 'accidental PM' |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/dr-manmohan-singh-death-accidental-pm-sonia-gandhi-pv-narsimha-rao-458628-2024-12-26 |work=Business Today |date=26 December 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226200729/https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/dr-manmohan-singh-death-accidental-pm-sonia-gandhi-pv-narsimha-rao-458628-2024-12-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> A member of the [[Indian National Congress]], Singh was the first [[Sikh]] prime minister of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/26/world/asia/manmohan-singh-dead.html|title=Manmohan Singh, Indian Premier Who Spurred Economic Boom, Dies at 92|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=26 December 2024|accessdate=26 December 2024}}</ref> He was also the first prime minister since Nehru to be re-appointed after completing a full five-year term.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Sofia Ferreira |date=28 December 2024 |title=Manmohan Singh: Former India PM mourned in state funeral |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c878w5175n4o |work=BBC |access-date=31 December 2024 |archive-date=28 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228094401/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c878w5175n4o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Prabhu |first=Nagesh |date=27 December 2024 |title=Manmohan Singh - a hero of Indian middle class |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/manmohan-singh-a-hero-of-indian-middle-class/article69032762.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241227201413/https://www.thehindu.com/business/manmohan-singh-a-hero-of-indian-middle-class/article69032762.ece |archive-date=27 December 2024 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref>

Born in [[Gah, Pakistan|Gah]] in what is today [[Pakistan]], Singh's family migrated to India during [[Partition of India|its partition]] in 1947. After obtaining his doctorate in economics from [[Nuffield College, Oxford|the University of Oxford]], Singh worked for the United Nations during 1966–1969. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when [[Lalit Narayan Mishra]] hired him as an advisor in the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Commerce and Industry]]. During the 1970s and 1980s, Singh held several key posts in the [[Government of India]], such as [[Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India|Chief Economic Advisor]] (1972–1976), governor of the [[Reserve Bank of India|Reserve Bank]] (1982–1985) and head of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] (1985–1987). In 1991, under prime minister, [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], Singh was appointed as [[Minister of Finance (India)|finance minister]]. Over the next few years, despite strong opposition, he carried out several structural reforms that [[Economic liberalisation in India|liberalised India's economy]]. It enhanced Singh's reputation globally as a leading reform-minded economist. Subsequently, Singh was [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|leader of the opposition]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]]) during the [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led [[United Progressive Alliance]] (UPA) came to power, its chairperson [[Sonia Gandhi]] unexpectedly relinquished the prime ministership to Singh. His [[first Manmohan Singh ministry|first ministry]] executed several key legislations and projects, including the [[National Rural Health Mission]], [[Unique Identification Authority of India|Unique Identification Authority]], [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act|Rural Employment Guarantee]] scheme and [[Right to Information Act]]. In 2008, [[2008 vote of confidence in the Manmohan Singh ministry|opposition]] to a historic [[U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement|civil nuclear agreement with the United States]] nearly caused Singh's government to fall after [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] parties withdrew their support.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Debarshi |date=15 November 2024 |title=Former PM and nonagenarian leader Manmohan Singh emerges as flashpoint in Indian politics |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/former-pm-and-nonagenarian-leader-manmohan-singh-emerges-as-flashpoint-in-indian-politics |work=The Straits Times |access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> The [[2009 Indian general election|2009 general election]] saw the UPA return with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of prime minister. In 2009, [[BRICS]] was established with India as one of the founding members.<ref name="i727"/>

Singh opted out from the race for the office of prime minister during the [[2014 Indian general election]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India's Manmohan Singh to step down as PM|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/03/india-manmohan-singh-rahul-gandhi-narendra-modi|last=Burke|first=Jason|access-date=20 April 2015|work=The Guardian|date=3 January 2014|archive-date=11 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611102934/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/03/india-manmohan-singh-rahul-gandhi-narendra-modi|url-status=live}}</ref> Singh served as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], representing the state of [[Assam]] from 1991 to 2019 and [[Rajasthan]] from 2019 to 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2019 |title=Congress to move Manmohan Singh from Assam |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-to-move-manmohan-singh-from-assam/article27141531.ece |access-date=5 March 2023 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327132725/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-to-move-manmohan-singh-from-assam/article27141531.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sonia Gandhi secures Rajya Sabha seat from Rajasthan unopposed |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/congress-leader-sonia-gandhi-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-rajasthan-11708426337108.html |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=20 February 2024 |access-date=1 March 2024 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229205545/https://www.livemint.com/politics/congress-leader-sonia-gandhi-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-rajasthan-11708426337108.html |url-status=live }}</ref>