Editing Mannerism (section)

{{Short description|Artistic style in Europe and colonies, c. 1550–1600}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
[[File: Parmigianino - Madonna dal collo lungo - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|In [[Parmigianino]]'s ''[[Madonna with the Long Neck]]'' (1534–1540), Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, highly stylized poses, and lack of clear perspective.]]

'''Mannerism''' is a [[Style (visual arts)|style]] in [[Art of Europe|European art]] that emerged in the later years of the Italian [[High Renaissance]] around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the [[Baroque]] style largely replaced it. [[Northern Mannerism]] continued into the early 17th century.{{sfn|Freedberg|1971|p=483}}<!--If this statement can be found in the third edition of 1993, it would be preferable to cite from that edition, which is cited elsewhere in this same article.-->

Mannerism encompasses a variety of approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the harmonious ideals associated with artists such as [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[Raphael]], [[Giorgio Vasari|Vasari]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mannerism|url=https://www.nga.gov/features/slideshows/mannerism.html|access-date=2021-12-03|website=www.nga.gov}}</ref> and early [[Michelangelo]]. Where High Renaissance art emphasizes proportion, balance, and ideal beauty, Mannerism exaggerates such qualities, often resulting in compositions that are asymmetrical or unnaturally elegant.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Notable for its artificial (as opposed to naturalistic) qualities,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/zino/hd_zino.htm |title=Mannerism: Bronzino (1503–1572) and his Contemporaries|publisher= Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> this artistic style privileges compositional tension and instability rather than the balance and clarity of earlier Renaissance painting. Mannerism in literature and music is notable for its highly florid style and intellectual sophistication.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

The definition of Mannerism and the phases within it continue to be a subject of debate among art historians. For example, some scholars have applied the label to certain early modern forms of literature (especially poetry) and music of the 16th and 17th centuries. The term is also used to refer to some late [[Gothic art|Gothic]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of GOTHIC |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Gothic |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Merriam-Webster |language=en}}</ref> painters working in northern Europe from about 1500 to 1530, especially the [[Antwerp Mannerism|Antwerp Mannerists]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antwerp Mannerists {{!}} art {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Antwerp-Mannerists |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>—a group unrelated to the Italian movement. Mannerism has also been applied by analogy to the [[Silver Age of Latin literature]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artsconnected.org/resource/93691/the-mannerist-style-and-the-lamentation|title=the-mannerist-style|publisher=artsconnected.org|access-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620114456/http://www.artsconnected.org/resource/93691/the-mannerist-style-and-the-lamentation|archive-date=20 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>