Editing Marcel Duchamp (section)

{{short description|French painter, sculptor, and chess player (1887–1968)}}
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{{Infobox artist
| name             = Marcel Duchamp
| image            = Man Ray, 1920-21, Portrait of Marcel Duchamp, gelatin silver print, Yale University Art Gallery.jpg
| caption          = ''Portrait of Marcel Duchamp'', 1920–21<br />by [[Man Ray]], Yale University Art Gallery
| birth_name       = Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp
| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=yes|1887|7|28}}
| birth_place      = [[Blainville-Crevon]], France
| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=yes|1968|10|2|1887|7|28}}
| death_place      = [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], France
| field            = Painting, sculpture, film
| training         = 
| movement         = [[Cubism]], [[Dada]], [[conceptual art]]
| works            = ''[[Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2]]'' (1912)<br />''[[Fountain (Duchamp)|Fountain]]'' (1917)<br />''[[The Bride Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even]]'' (1915–1923)<br />''[[LHOOQ]]'' (1919)<br />''[[Étant donnés]]'' (1946–1966)
| spouse           = {{ubl|{{marriage|Lydie Sarazin-Lavassor|1927|1928|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Alexina Duchamp|Alexina "Teeny" Sattler]]|1954}}}}
| partner          = [[Mary Reynolds (artist)|Mary Reynolds]] (1929–1946)<br/>[[Maria Martins (artist)|Maria Martins]] (1946–1951)
| patrons          = 
| awards           = 
}}

'''Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|dj|uː|ʃ|ɒ̃}}, {{IPAc-en|US|dj|uː|ˈ|ʃ|ɒ̃|,_|dj|uː|ˈ|ʃ|ɑː|m|p}};<ref>{{cite EPD|18|Duchamp|page=151}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃|lang}}; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with [[Cubism]], [[Dada]], [[Futurism]] and [[conceptual art]].<ref>Ian Chilvers & John Glaves-Smith, ''A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art''. [[Oxford University Press]], p. 203</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=1634 |title=Francis M. Naumann, ''Marcel Duchamp'', Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press, MoMA, 2009 |publisher=Moma.org |access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theartstory.org/artist-duchamp-marcel.htm |title=Marcel Duchamp |website=TheArtStory.org |access-date=8 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627194840/http://www.theartstory.org/artist-duchamp-marcel.htm |archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref> He is commonly regarded, along with [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Henri Matisse]], as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the [[plastic arts]] in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/audio-arts/volume-2/number-4 |title=Tate Modern: Matisse Picasso |work=Tate Etc. |access-date=13 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418055925/http://www.tate.org.uk/audio-arts/volume-2/number-4 |archive-date=18 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Searle |first=Adrian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/may/07/artsfeatures |title=A momentous, tremendous exhibition |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=7 May 2002 |access-date=13 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002150325/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/may/07/artsfeatures |archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/matisse.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508203807/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/matisse.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 May 2010 |last=Trachtman |first=Paul |title=Matisse & Picasso |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |date=February 2003 |access-date=13 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="BBC 2010">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4059997.stm |title=Duchamp's urinal tops art survey |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=10 December 2010 |date=1 December 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127184503/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4059997.stm |archive-date=27 November 2010}}</ref> He has had an immense impact on 20th- and 21st-century art, and a seminal influence on the development of conceptual art. By the time of [[World War I]], he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/duch/hd_duch.htm |title=Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) {{pipe}} Thematic Essay {{pipe}} Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History {{pipe}} the Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=October 2004 |access-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930180359/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/duch/hd_duch.htm |archive-date=30 September 2013}} Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) at [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]</ref>

Duchamp is remembered as a pioneering figure partly because of the two famous scandals he provoked -- his ''Nude Descending a Staircase'' that was the most talked-about work of the landmark 1913 [[Armory Show]] -- and his ''Fountain'', a signed urinal displayed in the 1917 [[Society of Independent Artists]] exhibition that nearly single-handedly launched the [[New York Dada]] movement and led the entire{{hyperbole|date=April 2025}} New York art world to ponder the question of "What is art?"