Editing Marcel Lefebvre (section)

{{short description|French traditionalist Catholic archbishop (1905–1991)}}
{{about||the Canadian screenwriter|Marcel Lefebvre (screenwriter)}}
{{Third-party|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = [[His Grace]], [[The Most Reverend]]
| name = Marcel Lefebvre
| honorific-suffix = 
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tulle|Archbishop-Bishop Emeritus of Tulle]]
| image = Portrait of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = Archbishop Lefebvre, {{Circa|1962}}.
| church = 
| archdiocese = 
| province = 
| metropolis = 
| diocese = 
| see = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tulle|Tulle]]
| appointed = 23 January 1962
| term_end = 7 August 1962
| predecessor = Aimable Chassaigne
| opposed = 
| successor = Henri Clément Victor Donze
| ordination = 21 September 1929
| ordained_by = [[Achille Liénart]]
| consecration = 18 September 1947
| consecrated_by = [[Achille Liénart]]
| cardinal = 
| rank = 
| other_post = Founder and Superior General of the [[Society of Saint Pius X]] (1970–1982)
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar|Vicar Apostolic of Dakar]] (1947–1955)|Titular Bishop of Anthedon (1947–1948)|
[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar|Apostolic Administrator of Saint-Louis du Sénégal]] (1948–1955)|Titular Archbishop of [[Arcadiopolis in Europa]] (1948–1955)|
Apostolic Delegate of French Africa (1948–1959)|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar|Archbishop of Dakar]] (1955–1962)|Superior General of [[Holy Ghost Fathers|Congregation of the Holy Ghost]] (1962–1968)|Titular Archbishop of Synnada in Phrygia (1962–1970)}}
<!---------- Personal details ---------->| birth_name = Marcel-François Marie Joseph Lefebvre
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|11|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Tourcoing]], [[French Third Republic|France]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|3|25|1905|11|29|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Martigny]], Switzerland
| buried = [[International Seminary of Saint Pius X]], [[Écône]], Switzerland
| nationality = French
| religion = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| residence = 
| parents = [[René Lefebvre]] {{small|(Father)}}<br>Gabrielle Watine {{small|(Mother)}}
| occupation = 
| profession = 
| alma_mater = (Pontifical) [[French Seminary]], Rome
| motto = {{br list | ''{{Lang|la|Et nos credidimus caritati}}'' | (And we believed in charity)}}<ref>[http://www.sspxseminary.org/publications/rectors-letters-separator/rectors-letter-french/349.html Credidimus Caritati] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015003852/http://www.sspxseminary.org/publications/rectors-letters-separator/rectors-letter-french/349.html |date=15 October 2010 }}. Sspxseminary.org. Retrieved on 1 November 2013.</ref>
| signature = 
| signature_alt = 
| coat_of_arms = Coat of Arms of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt = Archbishop Lefebvre's coat of arms
| module = {{Ordination
| embed  = Yes
| ordained deacon by = 
| date of diaconal ordination = 
| place of diaconal ordination = 
| ordained priest by = [[Achille Liénart]]
| date of priestly ordination = 21 September 1929
| place of priestly ordination = 
| consecrated by = [[Achille Liénart]]
| co-consecrators = {{interlanguage link|Alfred-Jean-Félix Ancel|fr}},<br />{{interlanguage link|Jean-Baptiste Victor Fauret|fr}}
| date of consecration = 18 September 1947
| place of consecration = 
| elevated by = 
| date of elevation = 
| sources = 
| bishop 1 = [[Georges-Henri Guibert]]
| consecration date 1 = 19 February 1950
| bishop 2 = {{interlanguage link|Prosper Dodds|fr}}
| consecration date 2 = 26 October 1952
| bishop 3 = {{interlanguage link|François Ndong|fi}}
| consecration date 3 = 2 July 1961
| bishop 4 = [[Bernard Tissier de Mallerais]]
| consecration date 4 = 30 June 1988
| bishop 5 = [[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]
| consecration date 5 = 30 June 1988
| bishop 6 = [[Alfonso de Galarreta]]
| consecration date 6 = 30 June 1988
| bishop 7 = [[Bernard Fellay]]
| consecration date 7 = 30 June 1988
}}
| honorific_suffix = [[Society of Saint Pius X|FSSPX]]
}}
{{infobox bishopstyles|
bishop name=Marcel Lefebvre|
image=File:Coat of Arms of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre.svg|
dipstyle=His Excellency|
offstyle=Your Excellency|
image_size=250px}}

'''Marcel François Marie Joseph Lefebvre'''{{efn|{{IPA|fr|maʁsɛl fʁɑ̃swa maʁi ʒozɛf ləfɛvʁ|lang}}}} {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Society of Saint Pius X|FSSPX]]}} (29 November 1905 – 25 March 1991) was a [[Catholic Church in France|French Catholic]] prelate who served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar|Archbishop of Dakar]] from 1955 to 1962. He was a major influence in modern [[traditionalist Catholicism]], founding in 1970 the [[Society of Saint Pius X]] (SSPX) to train traditionalist [[Seminary|seminarians]]. In 1988, [[Pope John Paul II]] declared that Lefebvre had been [[Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae#Latae sententiae sanctions|automatically excommunicated]] for [[Écône consecrations|consecrating four bishops]] that year without permission and despite the pope's express prohibition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_commissions/ecclsdei/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei_en.html|title = Apostolic Letter "Ecclesia Dei"}}</ref>

Ordained a [[Secular clergy|diocesan priest]] in 1929, Lefebvre joined the [[Congregation of the Holy Spirit|Holy Ghost Fathers]] for missionary work and was assigned to teach at a seminary in [[Gabon]] in 1932. In 1947, he was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Dakar, and the next year as the apostolic nuncio to [[French West Africa]]. Upon his return to Europe, Lefebvre was elected [[Superior general (Christianity)|superior general]] of the Holy Ghost Fathers and assigned draft and prepare documents for the [[Second Vatican Council]]. He was a major leader of the conservative bloc during its proceedings. He later took the lead in opposing certain changes associated with the council. He refused to implement council-inspired reforms demanded by the Holy Ghost Fathers and resigned from the order in 1968. 

In 1970, Lefebvre founded the SSPX as a small community of seminarians in the village of [[Écône|Écône, Switzerland]], with the permission of the local bishop. In 1975, after a flare of tensions with the [[Holy See]], Lefebvre was ordered to disband the society, but ignored the decision and continued to maintain its activities and existence. In 1988, against the express prohibition of [[Pope John Paul II]], he consecrated four bishops to continue his work with the SSPX. The Holy See immediately declared that all parties in the ceremony had incurred [[automatic excommunication]],{{efn|{{harvnb|Code of Canon Law|1983|loc=[https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P54.HTM Canon 1382]: "A bishop who consecrates some one a bishop without a pontifical mandate and the person who receives the consecration from him incur a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See"}}}} which Lefebvre refused to acknowledge.<ref name="sermon" /><ref name="interview">{{cite web|url=http://archives.sspx.org/archbishop_lefebvre/one_year_after_the_consecrations.htm|title=One Year After the Consecrations|website=archives.sspx.org}}</ref> These excommunications were rescinded in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]], though the SSPX itself remains “canonically irregular”.