Editing Mars 2 (section)

{{Short description|Soviet orbiter and lander mission to Mars (1971–1972)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{other uses|Mars II (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Mars 2

<!--image of the spacecraft/mission-->
| image                 = Mars3 iki.jpg
| image_size            = 300px

<!--Basic details-->
| mission_type          = [[Mars]] orbiter/lander
| operator              = Soviet space program
| COSPAR_ID             = {{COSPAR|1971-045A}}<br>{{COSPAR|1971-045D}}
| SATCAT                = 5234<br>5739
| mission_duration      = {{time interval|19 May 1971|22 Aug 1972}}

<!--Spacecraft properties-->
| spacecraft_type       = [[4MV|4M]] No. 171
| manufacturer          = [[OKB-1]]
| launch_mass           = <small>Total:</small><br>{{cvt|4650|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br><small>Orbiter:</small><br>{{cvt|3440|kg|lb}}<br><small>Lander:</small><br>{{cvt|1210|kg|lb}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045A|title = NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details}}</ref>
| landing_mass          = {{cvt|358|kg|lb}}
| dry_mass              = {{cvt|2265|kg|lb}}
| dimensions            = {{cvt|4.1|xx|2.0|xx|5.9|m|ft}}

<!--Launch details-->
| launch_date           = {{start-date|19 May 1971, 16:22:44|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
| launch_rocket         = [[Proton-K]]/[[Blok D|D]]
| launch_site           = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|81/24]]
| launch_contractor     = [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center|Khrunichev]]

<!--end of mission-->
| disposal_type         = Decommissioned
| declared              = {{end date|1972|08|22}}
| last_contact          = July 1972<ref>See Mars 3 article in https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/1060/beyond-earth-a-chronicle-of-deep-space-exploration/</ref>

<!--orbit parameters-->
<!--as science-related articles, SI units should be the principal units of measurement, however we usually use {{convert}} to display imperial units in parentheses after the initial values-->
| orbit_reference       = [[Areocentric orbit|Areocentric]]<ref name="EA">{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/m/marsm-71.html|title=Mars M-71|author1=Mark Wade|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref>
| orbit_periapsis       = {{cvt|1380|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis        = {{cvt|24940|km|mi}} 
| orbit_inclination     = 48.9°
| orbit_period          = 18 hours
| apsis                 = areion

|interplanetary         = <!--Infobox spaceflight/IP can be called multiple times for missions with multiple targets or combined orbiter/lander missions, etc-->
 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = orbiter
   |object              = [[Mars]]
   |orbits              = 362
   |arrival_date        = 27 November 1971
 }}

 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = lander_impact
   |object              = [[Mars]]
   |arrival_date        = 27 November 1971
   |location            = {{Coord|45|S|47|E|globe:Mars|name=Mars 2 Lander impact}}
 }}

<!--Only use where a spacecraft/mission is part of a clear programme of sequential missions. 
If in doubt, leave it out-->
| programme             = '''[[Mars program]]'''
| previous_mission      = [[Kosmos 419]]
| next_mission          = [[Mars 3]]

<!--mission insignia or patch-->
| insignia              = 1972 CPA 4113.jpg
| insignia_caption      = Mars 2 stamp
}}

The '''Mars 2''' was an uncrewed [[space probe]] of the [[Mars program]], a series of uncrewed Mars [[Lander (spacecraft)|landers]] and [[orbiter]]s launched by the [[Soviet Union]] beginning 19 May 1971.

The Mars 2 and [[Mars 3]] missions consisted of identical spacecraft, each with an orbiter and an attached lander. The orbiter is identical to the [[Venera 9]] bus. The type of bus/orbiter is the [[4MV]]. They were launched by a [[Proton-K]] heavy launch vehicle with a [[Blok D]] upper stage. The lander of Mars 2 became the first human-made object to reach the surface of Mars, although the landing system failed and the lander was lost.