Editing Max Planck (section)

{{Short description|German theoretical physicist (1858–1947)}}
{{Hatnote group|
{{Redirect|Planck|other uses|Planck (disambiguation)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Max Planck
| image             = Max Planck by Hugo Erfurth 1938cr - restoration1.jpg
| caption           = Planck in 1938
| birth_name        = Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|1858|04|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place       = [[Kiel]], [[Duchy of Holstein]], [[German Confederation]]
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|1947|10|04|1858|04|23|df=yes}}
| death_place       = [[Göttingen]], [[British occupation zone in Germany|British zone]], [[Allied-occupied Germany]]
| resting_place     = [[Stadtfriedhof (Göttingen)|Stadtfriedhof]], Göttingen
| alma_mater        = {{Plain list|
* [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich|University of Munich]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
* [[Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]] <br/> ([[Habilitation|Dr. habil.]], 1880)
}}
| known_for         = {{Plain list|
* [[Planck units]] (1899)
* [[Planck constant]] (1900)
* [[Planck's law]] (1900)
* [[Planck postulate]] (1900)
* Founding [[old quantum theory]] (1900)
* ''[[List of things named after Max Planck|See list]]''
}}
| spouse            = {{Plain list|
* {{Marriage|Marie Merck|1887|1909|end=died}}
* {{Marriage|Marga von Hösslin|1911}}
}}
| children          = 5, including [[Erwin Planck|Erwin]]
| awards            = {{Plain list|
* {{No wrap|[[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1918)}}
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society#Foreign member|ForMemRS]] (1926)<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Born | first1 = M. | author-link = Max Born| title = Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck. 1858–1947 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1948.0024 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 6 | issue = 17 | pages = 161–188| year = 1948 | doi-access = free }}</ref> 
* [[Lorentz Medal]] (1927)
* [[Copley Medal]] (1929)
* [[Max Planck Medal]] (1929)
* [[Goethe Prize]] (1945)
}}
| fields            = {{Plain list|
* [[Thermodynamics]]
* [[Quantum mechanics|Quantum physics]]
}}
| work_institutions = {{Plain list|
* University of Munich <br/> (1880–1885)
* [[University of Kiel]] <br/> (1885–1889)
* University of Berlin <br/> (1889–1926)
}}
| thesis_title      = Über den zweiten Hauptsatz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie (On the second principles of mechanical heat theory)
| thesis_url        = https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/734
| thesis_year       = 1879
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Alexander von Brill]]<ref name="MGP">{{Cite web|title=Max Planck|url= https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=20750|website=[[Mathematics Genealogy Project]]}}</ref>
| academic_advisors = {{Plain list|
* [[Hermann von Helmholtz]]
* [[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
* [[Karl Weierstrass]]
}}
| doctoral_students = {{Plain list|
* [[Max Abraham]] (1897)
* [[Max von Laue]] (1903)
* [[Moritz Schlick]] (1904)
* [[Walther Meissner]] (1906)
* [[Kurd von Mosengeil]] (1906)<ref name="MGP"/>
* {{Ill|Karl Erich Hupka|de}} (1909)<ref name="MGP"/>
* [[Walter H. Schottky]] (1912)
* [[Walther Bothe]] (1914)
* [[Erich Kretschmann]] (1914)<ref name="MGP"/>
* [[Erich Schumann]] (1922)<ref name="MGP"/>
}}
| notable_students  = {{Plain list|
* [[Richard Becker (physicist)|Richard Becker]]<ref name="MGP"/>
* [[Gustav Ludwig Hertz]]<ref name="MGP"/>
<!-- Not in article
* [[Wolfgang Köhler]]
* [[Lise Meitner]]
-->
}}
| signature         = Max Planck signature.svg
}}

'''Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|l|æ|ŋ|k}};<ref>{{Cite web|title=PLANCK Definition & Meaning|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/planck|website=[[Dictionary.com]]}}</ref> {{IPA|de|maks ˈplaŋk|lang|De-Max Planck.ogg}}; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German [[Theoretical physics|theoretical physicist]] whose discovery of energy [[quantum|quanta]] won him the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1918.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/ The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905113018/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/ |date=5 September 2015 }}. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on 5 July 2011.</ref>

Planck made many substantial contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as the originator of [[Quantum mechanics|quantum theory]] and one of the founders of [[modern physics]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Recollections of a Jewish Mathematician in Germany|last=Fraenkel|first=Abraham|publisher=Birkhäuser|year=2016|isbn=978-3-319-30845-6|location=Basel, Switzerland|page=96}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://historydata.com/biographies/physicists/max-planck/ | title=Max Planck: Unveiling the Father of Quantum Theory | date=13 February 2024 }}</ref> which revolutionized understanding of [[atom]]ic and [[Subatomic particle|subatomic]] processes. He is known for the [[Planck constant]], which is of foundational importance for quantum physics, and which he used to derive a set of [[Unit of measurement|units]], today called [[Planck units]], expressed only in terms of fundamental [[physical constant]]s.

Planck was twice president of the German scientific institution [[Kaiser Wilhelm Society]]. In 1948, it was renamed the [[Max Planck Society]] (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft) and nowadays includes 83 institutions representing a wide range of scientific directions.