Editing Memphis, Tennessee (section)

{{About|the city|the song|Memphis, Tennessee (song)}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Memphis
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities in Tennessee|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | border             = infobox
  | total_width        = 280
  | image_style        = border:1;
  | perrow             = 1/2/2/1
  | caption_align      = center
  | image1             = Memphis from the water 2022j (cropped).jpg
  | caption1           = [[Downtown Memphis]] skyline
  | image2             = Looking East on Beale Street, Memphis, Tennessee, June 2014.jpg
  | caption2           = [[Beale Street]]
  | image3             = FedExForum at night.jpg
  | caption3           = [[FedExForum]]
  | image4             = Graceland Memphis Tennessee.jpg
  | caption4           = [[Graceland]]
  | image5             = Bass Pro Shop, Memphis, TN (33126417384).jpg
  | caption5           = [[Memphis Pyramid]]
}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Memphis, Tennessee.svg
| flag_size          = 110px
| image_seal         = Memphis TE Seal-.svg
| seal_size          = 90px
| nickname           = Bluff City, Home of the Blues, Grind City, The 901<!-- images and maps ------------>
| image_map          = {{maplink
  | frame              = yes
  | plain              = yes
  | frame-align        = center
  | frame-width        = 270
  | frame-height       = 270
  | frame-coord        = {{coord|qid=Q16563}}
  | zoom               = 9
  | type               = shape
  | marker             = city
  | stroke-width       = 2
  | stroke-color       = #0096FF
  | fill               = #0096FF
  | id2                = Q16563
  | type2              = shape-inverse
  | stroke-width2      = 2
  | stroke-color2      = #5F5F5F
  | stroke-opacity2    = 0
  | fill2              = #000000
  | fill-opacity2      = 0
}}
| map_caption        = Interactive map of Memphis
| pushpin_map        = Tennessee#USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tennessee##Location in the United States
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|35|07|03|N|89|58|16|W|region:US-TN|display=inline, title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[United States]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Tennessee|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Tennessee]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Shelby County, Tennessee|Shelby]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = {{start date|1819|05|22}}
| established_title2 = [[Municipal incorporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date2  = {{start date|1826|12|19}}
| named_for          = [[Memphis, Egypt]]
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Memphis, Tennessee|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Paul Young (American politician)|Paul Young]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| area_total_km2     = 783.66
| area_total_sq_mi   = 302.55
| area_land_km2      = 763.83
| area_land_sq_mi    = 294.92
| area_water_km2     = 19.77
| area_water_sq_mi   = 7.63
| elevation_m        = 103
| elevation_ft       = 337
| population_total   = 633104
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_rank    = [[List of North American cities by population|77th]] in North America<br />[[List of United States cities by population|28th]] in the United States<br />[[List of municipalities in Tennessee|2nd]] in Tennessee
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 1,056,190 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 45th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 830.1
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 2,149.9
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021}}</ref>
| population_metro   = 1337779 ([[List of metropolitan statistical areas|US: 43rd]])
| population_demonym = Memphian
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Total Gross Domestic Product for Memphis, TN-MS-AR (MSA)|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP32820|website=Federal Reserve Economic Data}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Metro
| demographics2_info1 = $102.934 billion (2023)
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = {{collapsible list
|title                    = ZIP Codes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp |publisher=USPS |title= ZIP Code Lookup |access-date=October 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101160345/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp |archive-date=January 1, 2008}}</ref>
|frame_style              = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style               = text-align:center;display:none
|37501, 37544, 38101, 38103–38109, 38111–38120, 38122, 38124–38128, 38130–38139, 38141, 38145, 38148, 38150–38152, 38157, 38159, 38161, 38163, 38166–38168, 38173–38175, 38177, 38181–38182, 38184, 38186–38188, 38190, 38193–38194, 38197}}
| area_code          = [[Area code 901|901]]
| area_code_type     = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| website            = {{URL|https://www.memphistn.gov/|memphistn.gov}}
| footnotes          = 
| timezone           = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]
| utc_offset         = −6
| timezone_DST       = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −5
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 47-48000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='47'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
| pop_est_as_of      = 2023
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_est     = 618639 {{loss}}
| founder            = [[John Overton (judge)|John Overton]], [[James Winchester (general)|James Winchester]], and [[Andrew Jackson]]
}}

'''Memphis''' is a city in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Tennessee]]. It is the [[county seat]] of [[Shelby County, Tennessee|Shelby County]], in the southwesternmost part of the state, and is situated along the [[Mississippi River]]. With a population of 633,104 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]],<ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Memphis city, Tennessee |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/memphiscitytennessee/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021}}</ref> Memphis is the [[List of municipalities in Tennessee|second-most populous city]] in Tennessee after [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]].

Memphis is the fifth-most populous city in the [[Southeastern United States|Southeast]], the nation's [[List of United States cities by population|28th-most populous]] overall, as well as the largest city bordering the Mississippi River and third largest [[metropolitan statistical area]] behind [[Greater St. Louis]] and the [[Twin Cities]] on the Mississippi River.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html | title=2020 Population and Housing State Data }}</ref> The [[Memphis metropolitan area]] includes [[West Tennessee]] and the greater [[Mid-South (region)|Mid-South region]], which includes portions of neighboring [[Arkansas]], [[Mississippi]] and the [[Missouri Bootheel]]. One of the more historic and culturally significant cities of the [[Southern United States]],{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} Memphis has a wide variety of landscapes and [[List of neighborhoods in Memphis, Tennessee|distinct neighborhoods]].

The first European explorer to visit the area of present-day Memphis was Spanish [[conquistador]] [[Hernando de Soto]] in 1541. The high [[Chickasaw Bluff]]s protecting the location from the waters of the Mississippi was contested by [[European colonization of the Americas|European settlers]] as Memphis developed. By 1819, when modern Memphis was founded, it was part of the United States territory. [[John Overton (judge)|John Overton]], [[James Winchester (general)|James Winchester]], and [[Andrew Jackson]] founded the city.<ref name="Tennessee Encyclopedia of History2">{{cite web |url=http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1029 |title=John Overton |last1=Brown |first1=Theodore |access-date=May 11, 2015}}</ref> Based on the wealth of cotton plantations and river traffic along the Mississippi, Memphis grew into one of the largest cities of the [[Antebellum South]]. After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] and the end of [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]], the city continued to grow into the 20th century. It became among the largest world markets for [[cotton]] and [[hardwood]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Memphis-Tennessee |title=Memphis {{!}} Facts & Points of Interest |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=February 21, 2018}}</ref>

Home to Tennessee's largest [[African American|African-American]] population, Memphis played a prominent role in the [[American Civil Rights Movement]]. [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.]] was [[Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.|assassinated there in 1968]] after activities supporting a strike by the city's maintenance workers. The [[National Civil Rights Museum]] was established there and is a [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]] affiliate institution.

Since the civil rights era, Memphis has become one of the nation's leading commercial centers in transportation and [[logistics]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://memphischamber.com/select-memphis/target-industries/logistics-distribution/ |title=Logistics & Distribution |work=Greater Memphis Chamber |access-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221161852/https://memphischamber.com/select-memphis/target-industries/logistics-distribution/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The largest employer is [[FedEx]], which maintains its global air hub at [[Memphis International Airport]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} In 2023, Memphis was the world's second-busiest cargo airport.<ref name="2023Final">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-14 |title=Top 10 busiest airports in the world shift with the rise of international air travel demand |url=https://aci.aero/2024/04/14/top-10-busiest-airports-in-the-world-shift-with-the-rise-of-international-air-travel-demand/ |publisher=[[Airports Council International]]|access-date=2024-04-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Port of Memphis|International Port of Memphis]] also hosts the fifth-busiest inland water port in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irpt.net/?mpfy-pin=100 |title=International Port of Memphis |website=Inland Rivers, Ports & Terminals, INC. |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref> The [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] considers Memphis a "Sufficiency" level [[global city]] as of 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html |website=lboro.ac.uk |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316190541/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Memphis is a center for media and entertainment, notably a historic [[music of Tennessee|music scene]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/memphis-unmatched-for-american-music-history_b_7973690 |title=Memphis Unmatched for American Music History |last=Mariani |first=John |date=August 12, 2015 |website=HuffPost |access-date=December 14, 2021}}</ref> With [[blues]] clubs on [[Beale Street]] originating the unique [[Memphis blues]] sound, the city has been nicknamed the "Home of the Blues". Its music has continued to be shaped by a multicultural mix of influences: [[country music|country]], [[rock and roll]], [[Memphis soul|soul]], and [[Memphis rap|hip-hop]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

The city is home to a [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major professional sports team]], the [[Memphis Grizzlies|Grizzlies]] of the [[NBA]]. Other attractions include [[Graceland]], the [[Memphis Pyramid]], [[Sun Studio]], the [[Blues Hall of Fame]] and [[Stax Museum of American Soul Music]]. [[Memphis-style barbecue]] has achieved international prominence, and the city hosts the annual [[Memphis in May#World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest (WCBCC)|World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest]], which attracts more than 100,000 visitors each year.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} Higher-level educational institutions include the [[University of Memphis]], [[Christian Brothers University]] and [[Rhodes College]].