Editing Mercury(II) chloride (section)

{{short description|Toxic mercury compound known as 'corrosive sublimate'}}
{{MCN|date=May 2025}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 1099329214
| Name = Mercury(II) chloride
| ImageFile = Mercury(II)-chloride-xtal-1980-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize =
| ImageName = Ball-and-stick model of the crystal structure
| ImageFile1 = Mercury(II)-chloride-xtal-3D-SF.png
| ImageSize1 =
| ImageName1 = Space-filling model of the crystal structure
| ImageFile2 = Lühuagong(II).JPG
| IUPACName = Mercury(II) chloride<br />Mercury dichloride
| OtherNames = Mercury bichloride<br/>Corrosive sublimate<br/>Abavit<br/>Mercuric chloride<br/>Sulema (Russia)<br />TL-898<br />Agrosan<br />Hydrargyri dichloridum (homeopathy)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7487-94-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 53GH7MZT1R
| EINECS = 231-299-8
| RTECS = OV9100000
| UNNumber = 1624
| PubChem = 24085
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 22517
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C13377
| SMILES = Cl[Hg]Cl
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2ClH.Hg/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = HgCl<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 271.52 g/mol
| Appearance = colorless or white solid
| Odor = odorless
| Density = 5.43 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 3.6 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 7.4 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 48 g/100 mL (100 °C)
| SolubleOther = 4 g/100 mL (ether) <br> soluble in [[ethanol|alcohol]], [[acetone]], [[ethyl acetate]] <br> slightly soluble in [[benzene]], [[carbon disulfide|CS<sub>2</sub>]], [[pyridine]]
| MeltingPtC = 276
| BoilingPtC = 304
| pKa = 3.2 (0.2M solution)
| RefractIndex = 1.859
| MagSus = &minus;82.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = linear
| Coordination = linear
| CrystalStruct = orthogonal
| Dipole = zero
  }}
|Section5={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −230&nbsp;kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1>{{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed.| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 978-0-618-94690-7|page=A22}}</ref>
| DeltaGf = −178.7 kJ/mol
| Entropy = 144&nbsp;J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1/>
 }}
|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology
| ATCCode_prefix = D08
| ATCCode_suffix = AK03
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0979.htm ICSC 0979]
| MainHazards = Highly toxic, corrosive. 
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|300+310+330|301|314|341|361f|372|410}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|260|264|270|273|280|281|301+310|301+330+331|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|308+313|310|314|321|330|363|391|405|501}}
| LD50 = 32 mg/kg (rats, orally) 
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| NFPA-S =
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[Mercury(II) fluoride]]<br/>[[Mercury(II) bromide]]<br/>[[Mercury(II) iodide]]
| OtherCations = [[Zinc chloride]]<br/>[[Cadmium chloride]]<br/>[[Mercury(I) chloride]]
  }}
}}

'''Mercury(II) chloride''' ('''mercury bichloride''',{{citation needed|reason=BIchloride would be HgHCl2|date=July 2023}} '''mercury dichloride''', '''mercuric chloride'''), historically also '''sulema''' or '''corrosive sublimate''',<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Corrosive Sublimate |volume=7 |page=197}}</ref> is the inorganic [[chemical compound]] of [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] and [[chlorine]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] HgCl<sub>2</sub>, used as a laboratory [[reagent]]. It is a white crystalline [[solid]] and a molecular compound that is very toxic to humans. Once used as a first line treatment for [[syphilis]], it has been replaced by the more effective and less toxic [[procaine penicillin]] since at least 1948.